@article { author = {Ahmed, Fatma and Elhaak, Mahmoud and Saad-Allah, Khalil and Kashlana, Mohamed}, title = {SEASONAL VARIATION IN PROPHYLACTIC SECONDARY METABOLITES OF VARTHEMIA CANDICANS IN TWO COASTAL HABITATS IN EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5749}, abstract = {Varthemia candicans (Delile) Boiss., naturally grows in the Northwestern costal region of Egypt. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of V. candicans secondary metabolites in two habitats during different seasons. Results showed that flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds content attenuated their maximum value during spring in sand dune habitat, however, it reached a peak during summer in Wadi Habbes habitat. HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds from aerial parts showed two common phenolic compounds in both habitats, eight unique phenolic compounds in the plant growing in sand dune, and four phenolic compounds characteristic to Wadi Habbes plants. The high antioxidant activity of the plant was attributed to its high phenolic compounds content.}, keywords = {Varthemia candicans,Phenolic compounds,Alkaloids,Medicinal plant,Egypt,HPLC}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5749.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5749_caaa3b2044626f860cb78855525440a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Emad}, title = {EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND SULPHUR LEVELS ON SOME SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CULTIVARS UNDER NEW VALLEY CONDITIONS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {17-34}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5750}, abstract = {Yield and quality of sesame may be improved by manipulating the cultural practices to suit the crop with the prevailing environment. Therefore, two field experiments were carried out in the Desert Research Center, Agriculture Experimental Station at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons, to study the response of three Egyptian cultivars of sesame (Shandaweel-3, Toshka-1 and Giza-32) to four sowing dates (15th March, 1st April, 15th April and 1st May) under four levels of sulphur (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg S/fed). The obtained results indicated that planting sesame plants on 15th March (early sowing date) was the superior treatment recorded the highest values of yields, yield components and oil percentage. Shandaweel-3 cultivar gave the highest values of number and weight of capsules per plant, seeds weight per plant, 1000 seeds weight and seed, biological and sesame oil yield/fed. Fruiting zone length, branches and capsules number per plant and biological and seed yields/fed were increased up to 200 kg S/fed. It is evident from the obtained results that planting Shandaweel-3 cultivar on 15th March with adding 100 kg S/fed could be recommended for improving sesame yield under the New Valley conditions.}, keywords = {sesame,planting dates,cultivars,sulphur}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5750.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5750_ef6170e25c38775caec423e80b14ca0d.pdf} } @article { author = {Soliman, Sohail and Mohallal, Eman}, title = {THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA RECORDED FROM NORTHEASTERN SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {35-55}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2018.5766}, abstract = {  The vertebrate fauna was surveyed in ten major localities of northeastern Sinai over a period of 18 months (From September 2003 to February 2005, inclusive). A total of 27 species of reptiles, birds and mammals were recorded. Reptiles are represented by five species of lizards: Savigny's Agama, Trapelus savignii;Nidua Lizard, Acanthodactylus scutellatus;the Sandfish, Scincus scincus; the Desert Monitor, Varanus griseus; and the Common Chamaeleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon and one species of vipers: the Sand Viper, Cerastes vipera. Six species of birds were identified during casual field observations: The Common Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus; Pied Avocet, Recurvirostra avocetta; Kentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrines; Slender-billed Gull, Larus genei; Little Owl, Athene noctua and Southern Grey Shrike, Lanius meridionalis. Mammals are represented by 15 species; Eleven rodent species and subspecies: Flower's Gerbil, Gerbillus floweri; Lesser Gerbil, G. gerbillus,Aderson's Gerbil, G. andersoni (represented by two subspecies), Wagner’s Dipodil,  Dipodillus dasyurus;Pigmy Dipodil,Dipodillus henleyi; Sundevall's Jird, Meriones crassus; Negev Jird, Meriones sacramenti; Tristram’s Jird, Meriones tristrami; Fat Sand-rat, Psammomys obesus; House Mouse, Mus musculus and Lesser  Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus. Three carnivores: Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes; Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregosna and Common Badger, Meles meles and one gazelle: Arabian Gazelle,  Gazella gazella.}, keywords = {Reptiles,Birds,Mammals,North Sinai,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5766.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5766_56d5b6f59bfe63a055a330de12501908.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Azim, Waleed}, title = {EFFECT OF COMPOST AND NUMBER OF CUTTINGS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L. UNDER SINAI CONDITIONS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {57-68}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5767}, abstract = {Two field experiments were carried out at El-Maghara Research Station (Middle Sinai) of the Desert Research Center (DRC), during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons, to study the effect of two doses of organic compost; 10 and 20 m3/feddan and three cuttings frequencies (without cutting, one cutting at 45 days after sowing and two successive cutting at 45 and 60 days after sowing) on the growth and essential oil content of Coriandrum sativum L.  plant grown in sandy soil. The obtained results revealed that, the best growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, weight of 1000 seeds (g),weight of seeds per plant (g), yield of seeds (kg/feddan), oil percentage, oil yield (L/feddan), total nitrogen and carbohydrate percentages and essential oil composition were obtained by using a combination of 20 m3/feddancompost and one cutting, after 45 days after sowing, except for plant height that showed the beast results associated with “without cutting” treatment.  }, keywords = {Coriandrum sativum,compost manures,Cutting,essential oil,GC-mass}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5767.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5767_65c6efa65b197d2fd99d774ee4f90558.pdf} } @article { author = {Lotfy, Rehab and Abd El-Moaty, Heba}, title = {ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM PHLOMIS FLOCCOSA D. DON.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {69-78}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5768}, abstract = {  The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial activities (in vitro) of the total extract of 70% methanol and successive extractsof different organic solvents  (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, 50% methanol extracts),  and their isolated compounds of the vegetative parts and flowers of Phlomis floccosa against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus spp.andStaphylococcus aureus. Where the best antibacterial active extract for vegetative parts was chloroform, while it was petroleum ether extract for flowers. Isolation and purification of the major compounds of the active fractions concluded that, 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy quercetin (flavonoid) and hahnfett (hydrocarbon) were detected in the vegetative parts, meanwhile, stewertiisin B (sesquiterpene) was detected in the flowers. The three isolated compounds showed active inhibition of the bacterial growth.}, keywords = {Phlomis floccosa,flavonoid,Hydrocarbons,sesquiterpene,Antibacterial activities}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5768.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5768_a885d967c346b5164432f38baee12c9e.pdf} } @article { author = {Elkharbotly, Anwar and Balah, Mohamed}, title = {ARISTIDA PLUMOSA (LINN.): ITS ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS AND SAND FIXING ABILITY AT BALOUZA, NORTH SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {79-94}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5769}, abstract = {  The present investigation aimed at focusing on the efficiency of Aristida plumosa Linn. as an ideal dune fixer at Balouza area, North Sinai, Egypt. Measurements of nebkha and canopy characteristics during different developmental stages in 2014 were accomplished, in addition, sand trapped mass, shoot and root biomass and sand aggregation adherent around roots were determined. The allelopathic effect of root and rhizosphere extracts of A. plumosa on seed germination percentage and early growth of Portulaca oleracea L.  and on its shoot and root development was studied. In addition, phenolic compounds in root tissue and rhizosphere, microorganisms density in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil beneath A. plumosa were studied. Dune plant communities were also surveyed and analysed at the studied region.  Shoot elongation rate of A. plumosa exceed sand trapped rate, it recorded 2.67, 4.33 and 2.11 mm day-1 from sand deposition. Shoot biomass reached 165.8 g m-2, root biomass was 12.82 g m-2 and sand aggregates around roots recorded 7.25 g m-2.  The negative effects observed in P. oleracea root growth traits were higher from root extracts than soil rhizosphere extracts, whereas shoot length and germination of P. oleracea were most affected by rhizosphere extracts than root extracts. Phenol extracted by methanol subjected to HPLC/UV qualitative analysis and revealed that coumaric and resorcinal acids were found in both root and rhizosphere extracts, but in higher concentrations in former one. Bacterial count was significantly higher than number of fungi in the soil near A. plumosa grass. However, total microorganisms density was significantly higher in rhizosphere soils compared with non-rhizospheric samples.}, keywords = {sand dunes,Vegetation,allelopathic activity,soil microorganisms}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5769.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5769_97af15a0f01da70886d58e2b11477f68.pdf} } @article { author = {Khater, Rania and Abd El-Azim, Waleed}, title = {EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND HUMIC ACID TREATMENTS ON SEEDS PRODUCTION OF PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM L.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {95-114}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5770}, abstract = {This experiment was carried out during two consecutive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 in the Baluza Research Station of the Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, to study the effect of different rates of chemical fertilization (control without fertilization, 25, 50 and 75% of recommended rates) with different levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 4 kg/feddan) and their interaction, on the growth, seed yield, active ingredient and chemical constituents of Plantago psyllium L. plants. The treatment of chemical fertilizers gave significant effect on the plant height, number of branches per plant, the fresh and dry weights per plant, seeds yield per plant and per feddan also mucilage content and percentage per plant and per feddan. The treatment of 75% from the recommended dose gave the beast result. Treatment as well as humic acid gave significant effect for data recorded and the best treatment was obtained by adding humic acid at a level of 4 kg/feddan. The obtained results indicated that the interaction between chemical fertilizers at 75% from the recommended dose combined with addition of humic acid at 4 kg/feddan gave a significant effect for all data recorded.}, keywords = {Plantago psyllium,L,chemical fertilization,Humic acid,seed yield,Mucilage}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5770.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5770_4a91a09238b5f2fe76bb106e8019427b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelhafez, Ahmed and Ali, Mohamed and El-Tokhy, Ahmed and Amer, Mohamed}, title = {EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND HERBICIDES ON ONION PRODUCTION IN A NEWLY RECLAIMED SOIL AND THEIR POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {115-136}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5771}, abstract = {Nitrogen addition and weeds controlling are important practices for a successful plant growth and maximizing yield. However, excessive nitrogen and herbicides application may pose a potential threat for soils, water and human health. This study was performed to investigate the effect of increasing nitrogen fertilization in combination with different weed controlling practices on the growth and yield of onion. Also, the potential risk due to residual nitrate and herbicides was a matter of concern. To achieve these goals, field experiments were performed for two successive growing seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Nitrogen fertilizer was added at different rates of 0.0, 178.6, 357.14 and 535.71 kg N ha-1. In addition, weeds were controlled through hand weeding and chemical herbicides addition. The obtained results showed that, increasing the rate of applied nitrogen in combination with hand weeding practice enhanced plant growth in terms of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and bulbing ratio. Furthermore, nitrate levels in both soils and onion bulbs increased due to high nitrogen addition. However, the levels of P and K in bulbs decreased due to the increased biomass of the growing plants. For Hazard Index (HI) analysis, the HI of nitrate and bentazon didn’t exceed the safe level of 1. However, increasing the rate of applied nitrogen and using chemical herbicides elevated the values of HI. We concluded that, high nitrogen addition enhanced the plant growth and yield, and there was no potential risk from nitrate. Therefore, additional studies are needed to investigate the feasibility of increasing nitrogen fertilization through foliar application and using hand weeding in the newly reclaimed soils to maximize yield and prevent the environment and human health deterioration.}, keywords = {nitrogen,Soil,nitrate,weed control,Onion,Risk assessment}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5771.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5771_e107e22bf83bf7f4ad932f3ac2bb0362.pdf} } @article { author = {Morad, Nahla}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE RAINFALL STORM EVENTS OF JANUARY 2010 AND MARCH 2014 FOR THE CATCHMENT MODELING OF WADI EL ARISH AND WADI WARDAN BASINS, SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {137-168}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5772}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to analyze and assess two rainfall storms characteristics representing two different seasons i.e. winter (January 2010) and spring (March 2014) and the response of both Wadi El Arish (21787 km2) and Wadi Wardan (1385 km2) catchments in Sinai to such storms. Wadi El Arish, is debouching towards the Mediterranean Sea at north, and is dominated by carbonate rocks, while Wadi Wardan (1454 km2) is running towards the Gulf of Suez at west, and is dominated by clastic sediments. This study is based on the determination of the hydrologic parameters and variables of both basins as well as the analysis of rainfall data for the purpose of catchment modeling. The HEC-HMS model (version 4) is used to estimate the peak discharge and runoff volume occurred in each sub-basin (eight in Wadi El Arish and four in Wadi Wardan). The results show that the storms have not the same behavior neither spatially nor temporally, where they differ from sub-basin to another and from time to time. The results of storm simulation show that flash flood characteristics are highly variable from season to season in terms of storm amount and duration, runoff volume, runoff depth and runoff coefficient. Wadi El Arish received a considerable amount of runoff water during the storm of 2010 (107.68 *106 m3), with a peak discharge equals to 1382.5 m3/s, while in the storm of 2014 the total runoff volume was only 16.1*106 m3 and the peak discharge was 279.1 m3/s.  El Roak sub-basin (5988 km2), which represents the largest sub-basin in Wadi El Arish running from south to north, produced the maximum discharge (996.2 and 229.9 m3/s) and consequently the maximum runoff  volume (61.6*106 and 13.3*106 m3) for storms 2010 and 2014, respectively. The runoff coefficients in El Roak sub-basin are 27.65 and 15.88% for storms 2010 and 2014, respectively.  This means that more than 27% of the rainfall transform to runoff in this sub-basin. In Wadi Wardan, the peak discharges are 312 m3/s and 52.1 m3/s and the total runoff volume are 8.9*106 m3 and 1.5*106 m3 for storms 2010 and 2014, respectively. Somar sub-basin (441 km2), sub- basins in the upstream of Wadi Wardan and run in the east-west direction, have the maximum discharge (180.9 and 27.1 m3/s) and runoff volume (4.6*106 and 0.76*106 m3)for storms 2010 and 2014, respectively. The runoff coefficient is in Somar sub-basin are 36.55% and 13.04% for storms 2010 and 2014, respectively. From the catchment- storm modeling, one can recommend constructing two storage dams at the outlet of  El Roak and Somar sub-basins, where the runoff volume of these sub-basins represents about 55% of the total runoff volume, in order to protect the urban areas from the occasionally flash flood risk.}, keywords = {Rainfall storms,runoff,catchment modeling,Wadi El Arish,Wadi Wardan,Sinai}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5772.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5772_928b78c71ad9ea615a86458a720f65c1.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sadek, Ashraf and Salem, Emad}, title = {IMPACT OF RAINFALL TEMPORAL VARIABILITY ON RAINFED MAJOR FOOD CROPS AND AGRONOMIC PRACTICES IN THE NORTH WESTERN COASTAL ZONE OF EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {169-186}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.5773}, abstract = {High variability in rainfall amount and occurrence are the main constraints for crop production in rainfed arid and semi-arid areas. Precipitation data analysis focusing on rainfall amount, distribution and dry spells is of a great importance to mitigate the drought impact on crop production. In this study, we used the very, easily accessed daily data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction; Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP/CFSR)  for a period of 35 years (1979-2014) over the North Western Coast (NWCZ) of Egypt at four locations:  Ras El Hekma, Matrouh, El Neguilla and Barrani. The data of total annual rainfall, maximum daily data and the number of rainy days based on 0.1,5,10,15 mm of rain, long and short dry spells and the start of the rainy season were presented. The analysis of the dry spells showed that there are at least 6 to 7 dry spells of 10 days or longer each year with a probability exceeding 20% in all the locations studied. Data also showed that Barrani has the highest total annual precipitation and maximum daily precipitation of 182 mm and 45 mm, respectively. A number of the rainy days of the four examined thresholds of 0.1,5,10 and 15 mm were higher in Barrani as compared to the other three locations. It is quite clear that the productivity of wheat, barley and other crops  in the NWCZ is highly dependent on the amount and distribution of rainfall as well as the dry spells distribution. Therefore, available water management practices such as supplemental irrigation and water harvesting techniques should be implemented to reduce the potential drought developed for dry spells and to improve the productivity of the cultivated crops.}, keywords = {precipitation data,time series analysis,NCEP/CFSR,dry spell,NWCZ,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5773.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5773_39ec92f66c24a6e2fbf116ab3d223ec2.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Hamada and Mahmoud, Ahmed}, title = {REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDING CAPACITY OF SOUTH SINAI FARMERS IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {187-203}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.6037}, abstract = {The current research aimed to identify the opinion of respondent farmers to the importance of the sources of information they are exposed to, to identify the technical support requirements and economic rehabilitation of farmers in South Sinai for the management of protected cultivation, and to get the negative effects of the problems of the protected cultivation in South Sinai. It has also been targeted determining the relationship between some of independent variables of the farmers and requirements of the technical support for the management of protected cultivation. Twenty eight respondents of farmers, representing about 20% of the total grinners of the protected cultivations center and city of Ras Sudr and Tor Sinai have been selected in terms of the number of farmers’ center and cites of South Sinai. The main findings of the present study are indicated as follows: 1. Present experience as well as neighbors is considered the must important source of information, whereas the rural broadcast programs took level of respondent interest. 2. Farmers are in need of relatively high level of knowledge with respect to the whole operation related to the protected cultivation. In this concern, the middle –and high needs categories reached 37.8 and 40.2%, respectively. The adjusted mean of their cognitive needs is around 0.37. 3. Concerning the requirement of necessary economic support to orercome the problems confronting the protected cultivation, the development of programs controlling pests and diseases that infect vegetable in the study reign has taken the first priority from the respondents, view point at accuracies valued at 97%, followed by the implementation of extension programs dealing with the dissemination of the techniques, than raising the farmers awareness of how nutrients are applied at occurrence valued to 95.1 and 92.7%, respectively. 4. The most common problems opposing farmers are the lock of processing accessories (i.e. plastic ,wire…etc.), the high cost, and inadequate sources of information within the areas, where protected cultivation is practiced, as the adjusted mean values reached 0.91, 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. 5. There is an inverse correlation between each variable; i.e. the previous experience and awareness, the farmers attitude forward regeneration from one side and the extent at which the farmers are actually in need of knowledge. On the other hand, the fact that has been indicated by the values of the simple person correlation coefficient i.e. -0.31 and -0.47, respectively. 6. There was an effective relationship between educational status, full time work of farmers, accessibility to greenhouses sources, and the type of crops, from one hand and level of the cognitive need on the other hand in this regard, the relative contingency coefficient (ca2 ) values are 25.30, 13.02, 18.70 and 18.70, respectively.             Accordingly, five recommendations have been proposed so as to add contribution to other efforts aiming at building the capacities of farmers concerned with the protected agriculture in South Sinai, Egypt.}, keywords = {protected cultivation management,Ras Sudr,Tor Sinai,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6037.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6037_e80b636a7a489e5f70c9a504725f22a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El Haleem, Hamdy and Abou Elnaga, Mohamed}, title = {FARM ANIMAL KEEPERS' ADOPTION FOR THE IMMUNIZATIONS FROM EPIDEMIC DISEASES IN SOME VILLAGES IN THE NEW VALLEY GOVERNORATE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {205-233}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.6038}, abstract = {This study was carried out to identify the steps of respondent keepers' adopting process for farm animals, for immunization from epidemic diseases, to define the relationship between the adoption process for the immunization from epidemic diseases and some of respondents' personal and social characteristics (age, the main profession, size and type of land tenure, size and type of animal possession, purpose of keeping farm animals, participation in social organization membership and exposure to the different source of information). Also, to define the relationship between the steps of the adoption process of the immunization from epidemic diseases and some of the idea's characteristics (material cost, appearance and publicity, resilience and relativity, degree of the complexity of the idea, the practice discretion, trial possibility and the return of applying the practice). Finally, to recognize the most important source of information for farm animals keepers, to identify the problems that respondent keepers face to uplift animal production and to identify their suggestions to overcome such problems. The study was conducted at El Dakhla, the New Valley Governorate, in the villages (Mout, Garb El Mawhoub, Al Moashia and Al Gadida), where farm animals are varied and diverse (cows, buffalos, sheep and goats). The villages have the highest number of farm animals keepers. A sample of farm animal keepers of 135 respondents: 45 from the three villages was selected, having an information about the idea of the immunization from epidemic diseases or applied the idea on their own animals for a while and stopped it or still applying the idea until the time of the field data collection. Data were collected using questionnaire forms via interviewing the respondents. The form was designed and pretested to achieve the research objectives. Some statistical methods were used to analyze the data and conclude the results: mathematical mean, frequency table, the percentage and the adjusted mean, person's simple correlation coefficient. The following results were obtained: - 100% of farm animal respondent keepers had an idea on the immunization from epidemic diseases during the awareness phase, 94% were interested in increasing their information about the idea, 23.7% ignored that idea after being interested in it. In the evaluation stage, 70.4% of respondents moved to the evaluation phase, 25.9% were not interested in applying such idea after being evaluated, 44.4% of respondents decided to adopt the idea on some farm animals, and 12.6% did not continue to apply the idea on their animals after they applied it, and 29.2% decided to pursue the application of the idea on their farm animals. - There was no correlation between the steps of the adoption process of the immunization from epidemic diseases and the studied personal, social and communication variables. - There was a positive correlation at significance level of 0.01 between the steps of the adoption process of the immunization from epidemic diseases and the characteristics of the idea of the immunization from epidemic diseases. - Most of respondents (77.8%) depended mainly on their personal expertise to acquire information in the field of animal immunization followed by the veterinarian, the animal immunization specialist at the Agricultural Department, specialized livestock keeper, farm and animal input dealers, relatives and neighbors. - 100% of respondents mentioned that fodder crops were costly and lack of veterinarian services, which were the most crucial problems that farm animal keepers faced.}, keywords = {farm animal keepers',Immunizations,El Dakhla,New Valley,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6038.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6038_f0131c39323b7d0613b482acff4c95d0.pdf} } @article { author = {Mansour, Sherine}, title = {THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ENCROACHMENT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND IN EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {235-250}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2016.6039}, abstract = {This research aims to make an economic analysis of the encroachments on agricultural land in Egypt to identify the most important figures and causes of infringement on agricultural land. Of the most important reasons for infringing on agricultural land in Egypt, came the desire to build a house for the family and the increase of the rural family and poverty in the countryside, 1- The region of lower Egypt came in the first place at the level of the Republic in terms of the number of cases of infringement and the area of agricultural land infringed upon, followed by the region of Upper Egypt, and Central Egypt, then the New Valley area. 2- The little amount of the removed infringements compared to the amount of encroachment on agricultural land. 3- The value of losses as a result of encroachment on agricultural land at the level of the Republic in the winter and summer crops amounted about 1,71 billion pounds and 246,9 million pounds, respectively. The research recommends the following: 1- Paying due care to the establishment of new urban communities full of residential and industrial facilities and services for young people. 2- The immediate removal of the entire building without resorting to the prosecution or the judiciary.}, keywords = {Encroachment,agricultural land,removals,economic efficiency,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6039.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_6039_df31427c9268bb2e59f2923369a59492.pdf} }