@article { author = {Khater, Rania}, title = {EFFECT OF HYDROGEL AND ANTITRANSPIRANTS TREATMENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.) PLANT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {193-214}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5950}, abstract = {This investigation was conducted in El-Qantara Sharq Station, North Sinai, Desert Research Center, Egypt during the two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of applying certain antitranspirants (5% kaolin and 6% calcium carbonate), hydrogel levels (0, 1, 2 g/plant) and the interaction between them on the vegetative growth parameters and essential oil production of the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The results illustrate that the plant, which was sprayed with 5% kaolin  produced the highest vegetative growth parameters, essential oil production measurement and chemical components. The different hydrogel levels significantly increased all growth characters. The highest values were produced from sweet basil plants with application with 2 g hydrogel /plant. Regarding the effect of the interaction between foliar application with antitranspirant and different hydrogel levels, the combined treatment of applying hydrogel level of  2 g/plant with spraying the plants with 5% kaolin  gave significant increase in all growth characters. The main components of essential oil were linalool, α-terpineol and 1,8 cineol. The combined treatment of foliar kaolin application at 5% level with hydrogel level of 2 g/plant has given the highest content of linalool (35.43%) , α-terpineol (27.80%)  and 1,8 cineol (12.09%) , while decreased methyl chavicol (undesirable component) (0.75%) compared with control plant and other treatments.}, keywords = {Sweet basil,Ocimum basilicum L,Hydrogel,antitranspirants,kaolin,Calcium Carbonate}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5950.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5950_3ff9f67943aaac752ab08106af4491e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Badawy, Moustafa}, title = {STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF CULTIVATING PIMPINELLA ANISUM L. PLANT UNDER SINAI CONDITIONS BY USING CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION AND MYCORRHIZA}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {215-232}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5951}, abstract = {A field experiment was carried out at El-Maghara Research Station (North Central Sinai), Desert Research Center, during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, to study the effect of biofertilization (mycorrhiza) and chemical fertilization on growth, fruit yield, essential oil and chemical composition of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)  plants. This experiment had a split plot design with three replications, the main plots were the mycorrhiza at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated), and the sub plots were the chemical fertilization (0, 50, 75 and 100% of NPK), to be 100% of chemical fertilization of NPK (200 kg/fed ammonium sulfate + 200 kg/fed calcium super phosphate + 100 kg/fed potassium sulfate, respectively). Obtained data showed that, mycorrhiza application led to a significant increase in plant height, number of umbels/plant, fresh and dry weights/plant, fruit weight/plant, fruit yield/fed, N, P, K andtotal carbohydrates content. Also, in most cases, using 50 or 75% of the chemical fertilization of NPK achieved an increase in the same characters. The interaction between mycorrhiza and chemical fertilization had a significant effect on all parameters, where the best results of fresh and dry weights/plant, N, K and total carbohydrates content could be achieved with treating the plants with mycorrhiza plus 50% of chemical fertilization of NPK. While, the highest fruit weight/plant,fruit yield/fed and phosphorus content were resulted from inoculated with mycorrhiza plus 75% of chemical fertilization of NPK. Meanwhile, the volatile oil composition, resulted from this treatment, was anethole (74.57%), followed by estragole (7.80%), cis-pseudoisoeugenyl-2-methylbutyrate (7.24%) and longifolene (3.22%).}, keywords = {Mycorrhiza,chemical fertilization,Pimpinella anisum L,anethole,estragole}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5951.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5951_ec5517ff07f579ab48c6eeeffeed11ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Moghith, Salah and Morad, Nahla and Masoud, Milad}, title = {CLIMATIC CHANGE DETECTION IN THE NORTHWESTERN COASTAL ZONE (EGYPT) AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {233-255}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5952}, abstract = {In the study area, which extends for about 500 km along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, the seasonal rainfall is the sole source of water for development activities through either runoff harvesting or shallow aquifer recharge. Rainfall and other meteorological data in the study area were collected from two sources: NASA satellite site and ground stations; namely from west to east Sallum, Barrani, Matruh, Dabaa and Alexandria. Such data have been analyzed to detect and assess any spatial and temporal climatic changes during the period (1900-2014) and the possible impacts upon the shallow groundwater potentials. During the last century, the highest value of annual rainfall was recorded in Alexandria in 1974 (405.1 mm), while the lowest value was recorded in Sallum in 1955 (32.8 mm).This may indicate that extreme climatic conditions were prevailing during the period (1955-1970) from further west to further east. The calculated arithmetic mean of the annual rainfall in the study area is 138.44 mm. The rainfall frequency during the whole period of measurements shows continuous fluctuation either below (Sallum), or above (Alexandria) arithmetic mean. Local climatic changes every 15 years or multiples in the study area are detected through the period 1900-2014. Variations during the whole period of records are well detected, where it ranged from 76.5 mm (Matruh, 1923), 76 mm (Barrani, 1913) and 62 mm (Alexandria, 1938) indicating relative wet condition in the first third of the past century (1910-1940), compared with the whole period. The return period shows that the probability for the occurrence of annual rainfall can be doubled from the mean every about sixty years in all stations except for Sallum, where it be doubled every only 30 years.  According to the calculated aridity index, the study area lies between hyper arid in the west to arid climate in the east, without any serious spatial or temporal changes. The temperature analysis indicates that there is a noticeable increase in temperature between the years 1955-1970 and 1995-2010.  Worth mentioning the year 2010 is one of the warmest years during this period. In addition, this year (2010) had the lowest amount of rainfall in all the study area (average 50 mm/year). Consequently, the study area was subject to two drought periods (1955-1970 and 1995- 2010) against one relative wet period (1910-1940). The shallow groundwater has been considerably influenced by climatic change in the study area. Water levels have been prominently decreased to about 16.0 m below the mean sea level (zero level) in some localities; e.g. Dabaa - east Matruh. Meanwhile, water salinity increased from about 3000 ppm (1970) to more than 10000 ppm (2010). The water shortage in the drought events, as well as, the over-pumping of wells, cause serious reduction of the thickness of the fresh water lens that floats by specific gravity on the top of the saline water.}, keywords = {Climate Change,water resources,rainfall analysis,return period,Northwest coast,Egypt}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5952.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5952_0ee9ecf62bdc219b3281f09913cf76ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-Elmeged, Mohamed and Abo El-fadl, Reda and Hassanen, Sabah}, title = {PROPAGATION OF SAPOTA (CASIMIROA EDULIS) TREES BY USING TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {257-266}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5953}, abstract = {A promising method for in vitro propagationof white sapota (Casimiroa edulis L.) was established. Shoot tips and nodal segments of C. eduils were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.22 µM 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) and 1.07µM ß-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) recorded the maximum growth percentage of 88.88 and 77.77%, and average shoot length of 2.76 and 2.4 cm, for shoot tips and nodal segments, respectively. Regarding shoots multiplication rate, it was significantly affected by the concentration of BAP, as 6.77 shoots /explant were recorded using MS medium containing 13.32µM BAP + 4.90 µM N6-2- isopenteny adenine (2iP). For rooting, half and full strength MS medium supplemented with 0.00, 2.46, 4.90, 9.80, 19.60 and 39.20 µM indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) in combination with 0.00 and 2.69 µM NAA were examined. The highest rooting percentage, average number of roots/shoot and average root length (44.44 %, 1.88 and 2.46 cm, respectively) were obtained on half strength MS medium containing 19.60 µM IBA and 2.69 µM NAA. Finally, plantlets were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions and grew vigorously with no apparent phenotype aberrations.}, keywords = {Rutaceae,micropropagation,Nodal segments,shoot tips}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5953.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5953_fcdf28edb720e605a06a34c83849d60d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Ati, Ahmed and El-Hadidy, Abeer}, title = {EVALUATION OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY, ROOT-ROT AND DAMPING OFF CONTROL BY USING SOME AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {267-289}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5954}, abstract = {Two field experiments were carried out at 6 October farm, El-Nubaria Province, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt during the two successive summer seasons (2010 and 2011) to investigate the effect of some agricultural practices; i.e. irrigation treatments and different soil amendments on growth, productivity, suppression of root-rot and damping-off of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) var. Giza-102. Prior to the field experiments a pathogenicity test was carried out and identified that the causal pathogen of sunflower root-rot and damping-off diseases were Macrophomina phasolina, Sclerotium rolfisii, and Rhizoctonia solani. Missing the third irrigation was more appreciated than missing the fifth irrigation treatment compared to the normal irrigation as the control treatment, which represents the highest observations regarding sunflower growth and productivity. Soil amendment treatments increased the sunflower resistance to soil borne diseases hence enhanced its growth and productivity. The most promising results obtained from rice straw + EM1 + urea, Biochar + compost, Rice straw + EM1 and EM-Bokash with no significant differences, compost, and animal manure, respectively, compared to the control treatment (without soil amendment). The interaction (normal irrigation,  missing the 3rd irrigation then missing the 5th irrigation, respectively) × (rice straw + EM1 + urea), was the best between all the other interaction treatments, under normal, moderate and severe drought conditions, respectively, and compared to normal irrigation × without treatment, as the control treatment.                }, keywords = {Sunflower,Helianthus annuus,Irrigation treatments,Soil amendments,Growth,productivity,Root-rot,dampimg-off,Macrophomina phasolina,Sclerotium rolfisii,Rhizoctonia solani}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5954.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5954_5da07d87869e3ceecb5f33ad3aca17ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Wahab, Mohamed and Toaima, Wael and Hamed, Emad}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTING LOCATIONS IN EGYPT ON SALVIA FRUTICOSA MILL. PLANTS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {291-307}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5955}, abstract = {This work was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of different planting locations on three-lobed sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) plants. The experiment was conducted at three different locations in newly reclaimed lands as follows: El-Qantara Sharq (North Sinai Governorate), El-Maghara Village (North Sinai Governorate) and Siwa Oasis (Matrouh Governorate). The results indicated that all herb quantity and quality parameters were varied according to location and harvesting time. The best location for cultivation of this plant was El-Maghara location, which recorded the highest herb quantity parameters (number of cuts per season, fresh and dry weights of herb per plant or per feddan) as well as the highest herb quality parameters (essential oil yield per plant or per feddan with a suitable content of 1,8 cineole compound as the main chemical constituent of the oil), followed by El-Qantara Sharq location and then Siwa Oasis location.}, keywords = {three–lobed sage,Growth,essential oil,North Sinai,Siwa Oasis}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5955.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5955_f4b61d150160e3a85c454ed42314ad45.pdf} } @article { author = {Lotfy, Rehab and Fahmy, Dina and Ahmed, Fatma}, title = {QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF 26 MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM SOUTHEASTERN OF EGYPT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {309-326}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5956}, abstract = {Samples of the 26 plants for the study were freshly obtained from the southeastern of Egypt, packed in paper bags and brought to the laboratory for further processing. 70% ethanolic extracts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical analysis of their secondary metabolites, both qualitatively (alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenolics) and quantitatively (alkaloids, phenolics and flavonoids), in addition to elemental analysis. The qualitative evaluation showed the presence of all investigated phytocompound classes in most of the studied plants. Quantitative analysis revealed that the highest phenolics content (20.44 g %) was in Acacia tortilis Forssk. and the highest flavonoids content (14.26 g %) was in Matthiola arabica Boiss. Zygophyllum simplex L.  highly shared with 10.94% in alkaloids pool. Elemental profile for each plant was attained. The interest in the current investigation of these 26 medicinal plants was motivated by exploring new biologically active compounds resource.}, keywords = {Phytochemical screening,Elemental analysis,secondary metabolites,Quantitative Analysis}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5956.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5956_c28a68d54bafaf3005651845d4f1d327.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdou, Aisha and Hekal, Samia and Badawy, Naglaa and Ramadan, Wael and Abo Bakr, Salah}, title = {IMPACT OF USAGE PROTECTED FATS ON THE SKIN AND HAIR OF SHAMI DOES FED ON HALOPHYTES UNDER DESERT CONDITIONS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {327-342}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5957}, abstract = {  The influence of halophytic diets with or without inclusion with protected fats was studied on the hair follicle dimensions and activity in the skin of Shami goats.  Forty-two adult Shami goats were divided into three groups (14 each) fed on diets with a ratio of 40% concentrate and 60% roughage and drink fresh water twice daily. The roughage in the first group, which representing the control was berseem hay, while in the other two groups were a mixture of 50% Atriplex halimus and Nummularia and 50% pearl millet with presence or absence of protected fats. Skin samples were taken to determine the hair follicle characteristics and activities. Results obtained indicated that feeding trails have small or no significant effects on the hair follicle dimensions or activities between tested and control groups and consequently elevated the negative effects of poor quality fibrous feed on follicle hair production and activity. A slight increase was found in the diameters of fibers from the secondary follicles in contrast with those of primary follicles, which showed a reversible trend. Meanwhile, the medulla thickness of the fibers produced from the primary follicles showed no significant changes corresponding to different feed trails. The histochemical evaluation revealed that significant differences in carbohydrate and protein contents of both primary and secondary follicle sheaths were found between the different treatment groups. The highest values of both carbohydrate and protein contents were recorded in the group which have protected fat in their diet. Animals fed on halophytes supplemented with protected fat were associated with higher sebaceous gland cell and nucleus diameters of both primary and secondary follicles. In an overall of conclusion, from the stand point of the skin follicle activity and hair production, the mixture of Atriplex halimus, Nummularia and pearl millet supplemented with protected fat could replace berseem hay. It is a promising feed resource in Sinai and newly reclaimed lands with similar environmental conditions. }, keywords = {Shami Goats,halophytes,protected fat,skin,histology,histochemistry}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5957.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5957_bf898327dabcac4e55bad68cc2a58f57.pdf} } @article { author = {Diab, Hend and Diab, Ahmed}, title = {BUILDING A SCALE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN THE EGYPTIAN DESERTS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Desert Research}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {343-358}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Desert Research Center}, issn = {1687-8043}, eissn = {2356-9875}, doi = {10.21608/ejdr.2015.5958}, abstract = {The purpose of the current study is to design a scale for practices of sustainable agriculture in deserts of Egypt with acceptable reliability and validity measures. After reviewing of literatures regarding sustainable agriculture and management of natural resources, four main areas were determined to be the components of the proposed scale as follows: sustainable management of plant resources, land resources, water resources and animal resources. Fifty statements were drawn from review of literature. These statements were decreased to be 38 statements through face validity stage. In order to accomplish the study objective, New Valley governorate was selected to represent the desert governorates of Egypt. Five villages were selected randomly to represent the five administrative districts of the governorate. Within each of those villages, a random sample was selected, and the total sample was 100 respondents. Data were collected through personal interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire form during September and October 2015. Percentages, average, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance test, and reliability and validity analysis tests were used for data presentation. Reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) was about 0.8775, intrinsic validity coefficient was 0.9367 and statistical validity coefficient  was 0.9737. By testing the internal validation using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the final version of the scale contains 31 statements divided between the four components of the scale.}, keywords = {Sustainable Development,Natural Resources,sustainable management,social scales}, url = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5958.html}, eprint = {https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5958_130f63d19daadd41b1b31c41e22b96bd.pdf} }