ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EXPLOITING MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA FLOWERS ALLELOPATHIC CONSTITUENTS FOR CONTROL5LING ASSOCIATED WEEDS TO WHEAT CROP
Experiments were conducted to examine the allelopathic effect of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. Rydb.) flowers on germination and early growth of some weeds (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Avena fatuaL. and Phalaris paradoxa L. associated to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops with various concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g l-1) of aqueous extracts. Aqueous effect caused pronounced pre and post emergence inhibitory potential on A. fatua, L. multiflorum than T. aestivum thatwas proportional to the concentration of the extract. Via activity, acetylated flavonoids isolated from chloroform extracts were apigenin-7-O-(4", 6"-diacetyl glycoside) and apigenin 7-O-(4–acetyl glycoside), which caused reduction in the total weed fresh weights by 77.0 and 65.4% for A. fatua and 79.3 and 67.0% for L. multiflorum, respectively. The purified apigenin, matricolone, herniarin and coumarin reduced total biomass by 53.1, 59.1, 56.0 and 51.4% for A. fatua and 54.86, 58.61, 56.1 and 52.0% for L. multiflorum, respectively, compared to its control. The discovery of acetylated flavonoids allelopathic properties from chamomile flowers may contribute to effective and environmental friendly weeds control approaches in wheat crops.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5807_8ee50d04e5bbcd264c543c0cc123d78d.pdf
2014-12-01
1
16
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5807
Chamomile
Allelopathy
Flavonoids
Sesquiterpenes
emergence activity
Mohamed
Balah
mbaziz1974@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Desert Research Center, Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SOME AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CABBAGE UNDER SINAI CONDITIONS
The field work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Desert Research Center, East El-Qantara, Ismailia Governorate during two consecutive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of compost rates and foliar spray with biohorm and chitosan on growth, yield and chemical composition of two cabbage varieties grown under sandy soil. Os cross cv. had the highest values of number of leaves /plant, head diameter, head weight, the percentage of dry matter and yield as compared with Nabrawy. Compost application enhanced growth parameters and yield. The highest values were obtained with 8 and 6 ton/fed. Also, chitosan treatment significantly increased head weight and diameter, number of leaves/plant and yield. As for chemical composition, Nabarawy cv. had the highest K content. Compost application at rate of 6 ton/fed increased N and K contents. Chitosan treatment showed significant increase of N, while biohorm treatment gave the highest K, Fe and Cu contents. A linear correlation showed that average of head weight was positively correlated with both head diameter and number of leaves per head. Also, total yield was positively correlated with head weight, head diameter and number of leaves per plant. In general, it might be concluded that Os cross proved to be a high yielded cultivar as compared with Nabarawy. In addition, compost application at rate of both 8 and 6 ton/fed, gave the highest total yield. Moreover, yield of cabbage plant sprayed with chitosan had the highest values.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5808_a2ac15a74e32ed7b517bd4654231fdf8.pdf
2014-12-01
17
40
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5808
compost
Chitosan
biohorm
Growth
yield
Chemical composition
Egypt
Mohamed
El Sagan
drm_elsagan@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matareya St., El-Matareya 11753, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL AMENDEMENT AND WATER REQUIREMENTS
ِAn experiment was applied in DRC Experimental Station at East Elqantara in North Sinai to test the effect of water application rate of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of ETc and bentonite as soil amendment at rate of 0, 2, 3, and 4 ton/fed on growth, yield, chemical composition, water use efficiency and investment ratio of potato plants. Result revealed that growth, tuber parameters and yield and its components were increased with increasing water and bentonite application. There were no significant differences between irrigation treatments of 100 and 120% of ETc or between 3 and 4 ton/fed bentonite in most studied parameters in both seasons. Also no significant effect was found on chemical components, except P, which was significantly increased with 100% of ETc in the second season. Moreover, the maximum WUE values were contributed to high bentonite treatments i.e., 3 and 4 ton/fed combined with either 80 or 100% of Etc. Significant positive correlations were found between total yield and either average tuber weight or number of tubers/plant. Also, between tuber number/plant and number of aerial stems/plant. Results of investment ratio and multiple regression of total yield on both amount of irrigation water and bentonite rate led to conclude that there were two options to get sufficient investment ratio.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5809_e5d3c15a3cf5cd8dd1e2c1478eefc1b2.pdf
2014-12-01
41
64
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5809
Bentonite
Irrigation
Growth
yield
WUE
investment ratio
Mohamed
El Sagan
drm_elsagan@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matareya St., El-Matareya 11753, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Evon
Rizk
2
Department of Soil Physics and Chemistry, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SILICON ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND SHOOT REGENERATION OF DRY DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) CV BARTAMUDA
Silicon (Si) has not been observed as an essential element for plant growth, however, the beneficial effect of Si has been recognized in many plant species. The use of Si is one of the important recent trends for improving embryogenesis, growth traits and morphological characters in the field of tissue culture, for using on a commercial scale. Therefore, in this study the effect of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) at different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/l) were examined on somatic embryogenesis and regeneration percentage of dry date palm cv Bartamuda In the light of the obtained results, treatment with Si had a positive effect. The highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis formation and callus degree was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.0 mg /l K2SiO3 from embryogenic callus derived from shoot tip explants. Moreover, this medium gave the highest number of embryos/culture and the lowest degree of browning and hyperhydricity. However, the highest mean length of embryo was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l K2SiO3 compared with other treatments. Fresh and dry weight of embryo increased linearly with increasing concentration of Si treatments of both K2SiO3 and Na2SiO3. The highest germination percentage was obtained with embryos that matured on MS medium supplemented with 8.0 mg/l K2SiO3 or Na2SiO3. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the in vitro application of Si on dry date palm.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5810_c5882ffb9c1d345aca90b09b6cfeb985.pdf
2014-12-01
65
82
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5810
in Vitro
Embryo formation
shoot tip
leaf primordial
potassium silicate
sodium silicate
Reda
Abo El Fadl
redaaboelfadl@yahoo.com
1
Tissue Culture Unit, Department of Genetic Resources, Ecology and Dry Land Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IN VITRO PRESERVATION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS
In vitro medium term conservation of tropical plant germplasm is widely used for most plant species. Changes in the physical or chemical conditions had been used as a strategy for reducing the in vitro plant metabolism and prolonging the cultivation period. Embryogenic callus cultures of Oshkingbeel and Friahy date palm cultivars were derived from shoot tip explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg/l dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 3 mg/l 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP). Cultures were stored at two temperature (20 and 27±2°C) in complete darkness. Cultures were also subjected to different osmotic agents (sucrose and sorbitol) at different concentrations (0.087, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 M), which were added to medium supplemented with 10 mg /l 2,4-D and 3 mg/l 2iP. Every three months of storage up to 15 months, cultures were evaluated for percentage of survived and germinated embryos. After 15 months, the temperature of 20°C was more effective for the in vitro conservation of both cultivars concerning survival percentage and number of germinated embryos. At this temperature, after 15 months of storage, the highest survival percentage was 86.7 and 93.3% for cvs Oshkingbeel and Friahy, respectively. For osmotic agents, after 15 months, the highest survival percentage (66.7 %) was recorded with sorbitol at 0.4 M or sucrose at 0.2 M for cv Fraihy, whereas 60% of cv Oshkingbeel cultures were able to survive when preserved on medium containing 0.2 M sucrose. Sorbitol at its different concentrations and 0.2 M sucrose were the most appropriate treatments for maintaining the cultures and increasing the number of germinated embryos of cvs Oshkingbeel and Fraihy cultures after the tested storage periods.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5811_a5c9c6fec65041f7b09cd5ccfac998a5.pdf
2014-12-01
83
98
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5811
date palm
in vitro preservation
Temperature
osmotic agents
recovery
Mohamed
Diab
1
Plant Tissue Culture Unit, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sabah
Hassanen
sabah_hassanen@yahoo.com
2
Plant Tissue Culture Unit, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdia
Gabr
3
Plant Tissue Culture Unit, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME RUSSIAN PARSLEY VARIETIES UNDER NORTH SINAI CONDITIONS
This field experiment was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 in El-Maghara Research Station, Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate to evaluate the productivity and quality of some Russian parsley varieties by using organic farming practices. Compost manure was added to the soil at three rates of 10, 15 and 20 m3/feddan. Seeds of different flat-leaf parsley varieties were sown (local, Leaf Breeze, Legendary Hero and Leaf Sandwich). The results showed that the increase in organic fertilization rates led to an increase in herb yield and its quality characters (chlorophyll pigment content in the leaves and essential oil yield). Despite the superiority of local variety in herb productivity, its quality parameters were low, while vegetative yield of foreign varieties was marked by high quality specifications (high chlorophyll content and essential oil yield). There were differences in constituents of essential oil between varieties. The response of plants to organic fertilization treatments was varied according to variety type. The best of the Russian varieties was Legendary Hero variety fertilized with 15 m3 compost/feddan.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5812_fd33b9b23005d05d49b2eb0e62fd2f27.pdf
2014-12-01
99
116
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5812
Parsley
varieties
herb
essential oil
chlorophyll content
Wael
Toaima
1
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, 11753, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Emad
Hamed
dr.emad128@yahoo.com
2
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, 11753, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abd El-Wahab
3
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, 11753, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF MAJORANA HORTENSIS L. PLANT TREATED WITH SILICON AND MAGNETITE TO INCREASING ITS EFFICIENCIES TO TOLERANCE SALINITY
An experimental layout was carried out at El-Maghara Experimental Research Station (North Sinai), Desert Research Center, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2012 and 2013, to study the effect of the interaction between foliar spraying with silicon at 0, 5 and 10 g/L and different rates of magnetite application (0, 200 and 300 kg/fed) on growth, yield, oil production and chemical constituents of Majorana hortensis L.plant. The best results from all the tested parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights (g/plant), volatile oil percentage and oil yield/fed were significantly increased with using the second level of magnetite application (200 kg/fed(. Also using silicon as foliar application at 5 g/L led to the best results of the same parameters. In addition, the vegetative growth, oil production as well as chemical constituents (Si, Fe, Ca, N and total carbohydrates content) were improved by the interaction between silicon and magnetite application, and the highest significant increase in all parameters were recorded with using the second level of magnetite (200 kg/fed) and spraying with silicon at 5 g/L, the main component of the volatile oil resulted from this treatment was 1-4-terpineol (29.75%), followed by trans-sabinene hydrate (21.28%), α–terpinene (16.45%), α–terpineol (8.45%), sabinene (6.99 %), P-cymene (3.29%), linalyl acetate (2.97%), trans-carophyllene (2.93%), α–terpinolene (1.93%), L-linalool (1.59%), α–pinene (1.3%) and D-limonene (1.01%). While, using silicon and magnetite caused decease in Na, Cl and proline contents in marjoram plant.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5813_60486c763e8c12385118720a8cd7b5eb.pdf
2014-12-01
117
133
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5813
Majorana hortensis
marjoram
Magnetite
silicon
growth parameters
Volatile oil
Moustafa
Badawy
moustafabadawy@hotmail.com
1
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Waleed
Abd El-Azim
dr.w_elzeary@yahoo.com
2
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT USING A NEW MODIFIED FORMULA OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS-5
Two field experiments were conducted in Six October Farm, East Oweinat, New Valley Governorate during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 successive winter seasons, to study the effect of different new modified formulas of EM5 named as EM5-micronutrient plus on the plant tolerance to two heat stress treatments (simulated as two irrigation methods; i.e. pivot and sprinkler) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Gemiza 9). Heat stress as a global warming element substantially affects grain setting, duration and rate, and ultimately grain yield. Nonetheless the timing, duration and intensity of heat stress determine its impact on grain yield. Results obtained indicated that under heat stress conditions, pivot irrigation system was the most effective irrigation method compared to sprinkler irrigation system. Similarly, spraying the EM5-micronutrient plus in the concentration of 8000 ppm gave the best results either at heading stage (110 days after sowing date); i.e. plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and chlorophyll (a+b) as ppm/m2 or at harvest (150 days from sowing date); i.e. spike length (cm), number of tillers/m2, number of spikes/m2, number of grain/spike, weight of 1000 grains (g), biological yield (ton/fed), grain yield (ton/fed), and straw yield (ton/fed), while the best interaction treatments was obtained from the implementation of pivot irrigation system × EM5-micronutrient plus (8000 ppm). In contrary, only free proline (µmole proline/g fresh weight), which gave the high values under either sprinkler irrigation system or spraying with water as a control treatment or the interaction between sprinkler irrigation system × water.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5814_008915b4e4b423ff8ee62022e6c485e1.pdf
2014-12-01
135
151
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5814
Triticum aestivum L
Global Warming
pivot irrigation system
sprinkler irrigation system
EM5 new formula
growth characters
Yield and Yield attributes
Ahmed
Abdel-Ati
dr.abdelati@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION AND ACTIVE DRY YEAST ON PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE-LOBED SAGE (SALVIA FRUTICOSA MILL.) PLANTS UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS
A field experiment with split-plot design was laid out to investigate the effect of organic fertilization, foliar spray of yeast and their interaction on productivity and active constituents of three-lobed sage plants under Siwa Oasis conditions. The main plots included two compost manure levels of 10 and 20 m3 per feddan. The sub-plots included foliar spray of active dry yeast concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 g /liter. The interaction effect proved that the highest compost manure level at 20 m3 per feddan combined with foliar spray of the highest yeast concentration at 10 g/liter gave significantly maximum increments in vegetative growth parameters, yields of herb and essential oil as well as a higher 1,8-cineole constituent content in the volatile oil over control treatment, which recorded the lowest parameters.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5815_f4705390fe8681e45de46caf2f0bdd7c.pdf
2014-12-01
153
166
10.21608/ejdr.2014.5815
Siwa Oasis
three-lobed sage
compost
yeast
essential oil
Wael
Toaima
taema2005@yahoo.com
1
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Ecology and Dry Lands Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, 11753 El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR