Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
GROUNDWATER POTENTIALS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EL-MOGHRA AQUIFER IN THE VICINITY OF QATTARA DEPRESSION
1
20
EN
Salah
M.
Abdel Mogith
Department of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Sawsan
M.M.
Ibrahim
Department of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
sawsanmoselhy@yahoo.com
Ragab
A.
Hafiez
Department of Hydrology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5821
The study area lies between Wadi El Natrun (-23 m) in the east and Qattara Depression (-134 m) in the west of the Northern Western Desert of Egypt. It attains an area of about 150000 km<sup>2</sup> and is dominated by a major aquifer unit of clastic facies, namely El-Moghra Aquifer. Such aquifer, has a variable saturated thickness between 100 to 300 m, and is defined to be of Lower Miocene age and of continental to marine depositional environments. Many trials have been made to extract groundwater for irrigation purpose, especially in the eastern portion near Wadi El-Natrun where water salinity is less than 1000 ppm. While in the western portion near Qattara Depression, the water salinity is more than 10,000 ppm, and the groundwater of El-Moghra Aquifer is used widely for oil industry. Actually, the groundwater of more than 70% of the study area is still unexplored.
The main objectives of the present work are to focus on the configuration of El-Moghra Aquifer in the study area including its physical, chemical and hydraulic properties through the investigation of about 200 wells. The assessment of aquifer potentials as well as its lateral and vertical changes is one of the main targets of the present study. The aquifer in the area to the east of Longitude 29<sup>o</sup> 00' 00'' is proved to be under unconfined condition and is evidently connected with the Nile Delta Aquifer, while that to the west of Longitude 29<sup>o</sup> 00' 00'' is confined and subjected to upward leakage from younger and deeper aquifers. The pumping tests (9 experiments) carried out in the area indicate highly productive aquifer in Wadi El-Farigh (unconfined aquifer) with transmissivity ranging between 720 and 6500 m<sup>2</sup>/day, and low productive aquifer west of El-Moghra Depression (confined aquifer) with transmissivity ranging between 61 and 600 m<sup>2</sup>/day. Changes of water chemistry due to variation in the depositional environment and source of recharge have also been assessed and genetically classified. The water salinity–water level relationship has revealed a very coherent picture about the fresh water–saline water interface, as well as delineation of promising areas within the study area for different purposes of development. The area to the east of water level 27 m below sea level has water salinity less than 2000 ppm covering an area of about 375000 hectare, within a distance of about 75 km, which is suitable for agriculture and domestic water uses. Additional area to the west of water level -27 m is about 488000 hectare having salinity between 2000 and 5000 ppm can be used for cultivation of salt tolerant crops. The water quality data have been also used for the differentiation between the continental and marine facies of the aquifer, as well as for the detection of the recharge sources and flow direction.
Groundwater,hydraulic parameters,water level,groundwater salinity,Egypt
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5821.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5821_d75efe5de25536c7a25510dad07636fd.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
EFFECT OF USING SOME BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS OF (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) ON IMPROVING CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY AND THE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT GROWTH
21
37
EN
Mahmoud A.M.
A.M.
El-Sayed
Department of Soil Fertility and Microbiology, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
Mohamed Hafez
Hafez
Department of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5835
Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of black cumin (<em>Nigella sativa</em> L.) seed oil and seed cake on cucumber productivity (Prince cv.) and associated microorganisms. Seed cake was applied as soil addition before transplanting at rates of 0, 5, and 10 g per plant, while seed oil in 0, 0.5, 1and 1.5% solutions was applied as foliar application three times every 10 days beginning within 30 days of transplanting. Plants receiving the highest levels of seed cake (10 g) and seed oil (1.5%) showed high density of total bacterial counts; <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em>, <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> and <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, and high rates of CO<sub>2</sub> evolution. However, the same treatments gave the lowest density of total fungal counts, including some pathogenic fungi (<em>Fusarium, Rhizopus</em> and<em> Aspergillus niger</em>). Both soil amendment and foliar application improved the growth characters of the cucumber, including the percentage of stand, the number of branches, plant height, the number of flowers and total chlorophyll as well as, the yield and fruit size.
Cucumber,biological products,Nigella Sativa,microbial activity,Growth,productivity
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5835.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5835_accd4a7da199f7ac8c455d6e7aec91ea.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON COTULA CINEREA L. AT DIFFERENT HABITATS
39
54
EN
Atef
E.
Abozeed
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5836
This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of <em>Cotula cinerea</em> at three different habitats (Al-Arish, Saint Catherine and Matruh) during growth season of 2008. Phytochemical screening of the aerial plant parts revealed the presence of sterols (except Saint Catherine habitat) volatile oils, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, sulphates and chlorides. Determination of constants and other constituents revealed some differences in these values between the three different habitats. The percentages of total flavonoids and saponins reached to their maximum values in the plants at Matruh habitat, while the highest values of alkaloid and tannins were detected in the plants at Al-Arish habitat. The free and combined sugars were detected by using GLC. The free amino acids were detected by using paper liquid chromatography, while the protein amino acids were detected by using the amino acid analyzer. The fundamental chemical properties of lipids of <em>Cotula cinerea</em> collected from the three different habitats were determined. The obtained GLC results showed that the unsaponifiable matter of the lipids contained squalene and cholesterol at the three habitats, while stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were present only in Al-Arish and Saint Catherine habitats. GLC chromatograms of the fatty acids content showed that the plants of Matruh habitat contained eleven fatty acids, while the plants of Al-Arish and Saint Catherine contained only eight fatty acids. The higher percentage was that of oleic acid in the three studied habitats.
compositae,Cotula cinerea,Phytochemical screening,carbohydrates,Amino acids,fatty acids
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5836.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5836_ce0f7cd2e73546c12dc2d7979d547d89.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
GENETICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY BETWEEN TAMARIX APHYLLA AND TAMARIX NILOTICA SPECIES OF OYOUN MOUSA REGION, SINAI, EGYPT
55
70
EN
Laila
E.
Mekki
Departement of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia, Egypt
lhmmekki_dr@hotmail.com
El-Sayed
A.
El-Meleigy
Departement of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5837
<em>Tamarix aphylla</em> trees occupy a distinct zone along the sand dune in Oyoun Mousa region. Genetical and physiological studies on the oldest tree <em>T. aphylla</em> and the <em>T. nilotica</em> species in the same region were carried out. Electrophoretic analysis of total soluble protein (SDS-PAGE) and some isoenzymes; such as acid phosphatase (ACPH), esterase (EST), peroxidase (POD) and 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) revealed that <em>T. aphylla</em> exhibited higher number of polypeptides and isoformes. This finding might suggest that <em>T. aphylla</em> plants are more tolerant to salt stress than <em>T. nilotica</em>. This could be accomplished by increasing the capacity of antioxidative system, synthesis of new protein and isoenzymes, which could in turn contribute to some defense mechanisms of tolerant plant. Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) DNA markers were used to measure genetic diversity of the two species. A total of 50 amplified bands were scored with the used of 8 RAPD primers, with a mean of 6.2 amplified bands per primer, and 66% (33 bands) of polymorphic bands were found. The use of DNA markers, OPA-7, OPA-10, OPA-15 and OPB-4 distinguished bands with size ranging from 1655 to 2500 bp in <em>T. aphylla</em> only and absent in<em> T. nilotica</em>.
Oyoun Moussa,Tamarix,RAPD,Isoenzymes,SDS-PAGE
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5837.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5837_daf89420b15318b66ef74d85192a8ab7.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF BIRD FLU SPREADING IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
71
86
EN
Esam
S.
Soliman
Department of Agricultural Economics, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
Dalia
F.
Jab Allah
Department of Agricultural Economics, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
dalia_farouk1973@yahoo.com
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5838
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">here is no doubt that food no longer become commodities trading,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>according to the laws of supply and demand, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>food issue<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>became at the front<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>important<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>issues to the State, because it is a strategy issue, which can not be left to contemporary global conditions and variables. Also, it is impossible to say that it will be safe, because food is a vital necessity and indispensable for human. Also local food production with appropriate amounts make stable life and community is turning for construction and development.</span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The poultry industry is one of the promising industries in Egypt, which enjoyed great support by government since its inception. State has issued several laws and resolutions supporting the industry and encouraging investment on it. It gave the producers the right to obtain supported feed and approving establishment of poultry projects on agricultural land, exempting some industrial projects from taxes for ten years from the date of construction, increasing the credit facilities, and protecting poultry industry totally by banning import of poultry in 1986. Then imposing high tariffs on poultry imports reached 80% in 1997. About feed industry and the most important of is yellow corn. These factors have pushed the process of investment in industry and their rings, where investment amount was 18-20 billion pounds in 2005, in addition to working capital, which amount to about 5 billion pounds a year, and providing about 1.5 million permanent jobs, and nearly a million temporary jobs. Poultry meat, red meat and fish are at the forefront of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>animal proteins group, which include the strategies of food security in Egypt in general, and as a result of the production of poultry meat more efficient in terms of conversion efficiency, as the conversion rate reached to 2.3: 1 i.e. 2.3 kg of feed given 1 kg of poultry meat. As for red meat production, the conversion rate is 7: 1, i.e.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7 kg of feed given 1 kg of red meat, in addition to that, the production of poultry is a source of low costs protein in Egypt compared to other sources. The total consumption of poultry in Egypt is about<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>987 thousand tons in 2008, 829 thousand tons from it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are fattening chickens, which represent about 84% of the total consumption of poultry in Egypt and 158 thousand tons of local chicken meat, ducks, geese, turkeys and rabbits. The industry consists of a set of interrelated production chains, starting with a schedule and ending with broilers production, egg production, poultry industry, and some relating industries like poultry feed production plants and massacres. Broilers production farms is the most important stage of the poultry industry and widespread in republic governorates, where the other stages of industry depend on it, and the total number of broilers farms in 2008 is about 25.95 thousands farms on the republic and total maximum capacity is 1.62551 billion chickens per year and it has been shown that about 72.7% of poultry production is concentrated in five major governorate,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Qaliubiya, Sharqiya, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behera at the rates of about 30.8, 16.2, 11.4, 9.2 and 5.1%, respectively.</span>
<span style="font-size: 36.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">here is no doubt that food no longer become commodities trading,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>according to the laws of supply and demand, but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>food issue<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>became at the front<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>important<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>issues to the State, because it is a strategy issue, which can not be left to contemporary global conditions and variables. Also, it is impossible to say that it will be safe, because food is a vital necessity and indispensable for human. Also local food production with appropriate amounts make stable life and community is turning for construction and development.</span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>The poultry industry is one of the promising industries in Egypt, which enjoyed great support by government since its inception. State has issued several laws and resolutions supporting the industry and encouraging investment on it. It gave the producers the right to obtain supported feed and approving establishment of poultry projects on agricultural land, exempting some industrial projects from taxes for ten years from the date of construction, increasing the credit facilities, and protecting poultry industry totally by banning import of poultry in 1986. Then imposing high tariffs on poultry imports reached 80% in 1997. About feed industry and the most important of is yellow corn. These factors have pushed the process of investment in industry and their rings, where investment amount was 18-20 billion pounds in 2005, in addition to working capital, which amount to about 5 billion pounds a year, and providing about 1.5 million permanent jobs, and nearly a million temporary jobs. Poultry meat, red meat and fish are at the forefront of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>animal proteins group, which include the strategies of food security in Egypt in general, and as a result of the production of poultry meat more efficient in terms of conversion efficiency, as the conversion rate reached to 2.3: 1 i.e. 2.3 kg of feed given 1 kg of poultry meat. As for red meat production, the conversion rate is 7: 1, i.e.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7 kg of feed given 1 kg of red meat, in addition to that, the production of poultry is a source of low costs protein in Egypt compared to other sources. The total consumption of poultry in Egypt is about<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>987 thousand tons in 2008, 829 thousand tons from it<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are fattening chickens, which represent about 84% of the total consumption of poultry in Egypt and 158 thousand tons of local chicken meat, ducks, geese, turkeys and rabbits. The industry consists of a set of interrelated production chains, starting with a schedule and ending with broilers production, egg production, poultry industry, and some relating industries like poultry feed production plants and massacres. Broilers production farms is the most important stage of the poultry industry and widespread in republic governorates, where the other stages of industry depend on it, and the total number of broilers farms in 2008 is about 25.95 thousands farms on the republic and total maximum capacity is 1.62551 billion chickens per year and it has been shown that about 72.7% of poultry production is concentrated in five major governorate,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Qaliubiya, Sharqiya, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behera at the rates of about 30.8, 16.2, 11.4, 9.2 and 5.1%, respectively.</span>
bird flu,poultry industry,average gross margin,rate of return,Food security,production,Consumption,North Sinai
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5838.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5838_d9631bb4f670e37102a41d955b90807e.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
THE ADOPTION OF EXPORTS DEVELOPMENT FOR SOME NON-TRADITIONAL CROPS IN NEW LANDS IN EGYPT
87
96
EN
Dalia
E.
Abozied
Department of Economic Studies, Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
dalia_drc@hotmail.com
Soha
M.
Eldeep
Department of Economic Studies, Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5839
In the developing countries, many exporting farmers produce only for foreign markets. These farmers tend to be larger and more productive than domestic farmers, and often produce several products for export to many markets. In this paper, export data were examined on the non-traditional agriculture export sector in Egypt. Some non-traditional crop statues were reviewed and the possibilities of Egyptian exports development of crops were described. The data were collected and analyzed from new lands that have export crops like mint and artichokes. The estimated results indicate that the income from off-farm employment, production cost and labor have a positive effect on artichoke producers who want to become export grower. On the contrary, farm size, land quality and level of education and age have no significant effect on the artichokes reduction. On the other hand, the differences in land quality and the availability of labor significantly affect the choice of becoming an export grower. The increase in income from off-farm and production cost, decreases the likelihood that exporters will grow export crops. The age and level of education do not significantly increase the probability of becoming Mint export crop farmer.
Egyptian exports,non-traditional crops,Artichoke,medicinal and aromatic plant,adoption model
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5839.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5839_4f4a95ef510f9aa6ca93632c161392f6.pdf
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
63
1
2013
12
01
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF AQUACULTURE PROJECTS IN THE RED SEA GOVERNORATE
97
100
EN
Soha
M.
Eldeep
Department of Economic Studies, Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo Egypt
dr_soha11@yahoo.com
Dalia
E.
Abozied
Department of Economic Studies, Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo Egypt
dalia_drc@hotmail.com
10.21608/ejdr.2013.5840
The Gulf of Suez is the most productive fishing ground along the Egyptian sector of Red Sea, where more than 64% of Egyptian Red Sea fish production was harvested. This paper reviews current and proposed regional aquaculture status and describes the process of feasibility of aquaculture projects in the Red Sea Governorate as a case study. The project data were collected and analyzed in this area. The results indicate that the project has a great value of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 30.2%, this means that the project is acceptable. Also, the Net Present Value (NPV) of thousand LE 8.58 is greater than zero, which reflects the same result as the IRR. On the other hand, this project is sensitive to decrease the revenue by 5% value, and more sensitive to increase the production cost by 20% value.
aquaculture projects,Net Present Value,Sensitivity analysis,Internal Rate of Return,Suez
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5840.html
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_5840_d5deae0e96539a5fcab72b5ef24b72d3.pdf