Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601RUNOFF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED DRY LAND AGRICULTURE IN JATINANGOR RESEARCH CENTER WEST JAVA, INDONESIA110577410.21608/ejdr.2015.5774ENNurpilihanBafdalSoil and Water Engineering Laboratory, Padjadjaran University
Jln. Raya Bandung – Sumedang km. 21 Jatinangor 40563SophiaDwiratnaSoil and Water Engineering Laboratory, Padjadjaran University
Jln. Raya Bandung – Sumedang km. 21 Jatinangor 40563Dwi R.KendartoSoil and Water Engineering Laboratory, Padjadjaran University
Jln. Raya Bandung – Sumedang km. 21 Jatinangor 40563Journal Article20180328Indonesia as a humid country has two climate seasons: dry and wet seasons. Decreased dry land agriculture productivity is due to a limited availability of water especially in dry season; while during the wet season, water from rainfall as a runoff couldn’t conserve on the soil maximally. The potential runoff can, certainly, be utilized as an alternative water source in dry season. The main purpose of the present research is to manage runoff using technological means during the wet season for the dry seasons agriculture production. The research was conducted on dry land agriculture at Jatinangor Research Station, West Java, Indonesia. The research methods are survey, descriptive analysis and observations on potential runoff and prediction by using Rational Method, location mapping, rainfall analysis and crop water requirement analysis. The prediction analysis indicated that peak of runoff occurred in January was about 200.46 m<sup>3</sup>. This result is in line with the peak of rainfall occurred in the research station field (297.94 mm). The annual total potential cumulative runoff was 1160.05 m<sup>3</sup>; which indicates that runoff potential is an alternative source for irrigation water in the dry land. Analysis of the ratio of the catchment area to the area of cultivation shows that C: CA is 14.8. This means that in order to produce a monoculture of corn of 1000 m<sup>2</sup> for 3 seasons in one year, it requires a 14.800 m<sup>2</sup> of catchment area.Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601RESPONSE OF GRAIN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR, L. MONECH) TO IRRIGATION, NITROGEN AND PLANT DENSITY UNDER NEW VALLEY CONDITIONS, EGYPT1130577510.21608/ejdr.2015.5775ENEmad M.SalemPlant Production Department,Ecology and Dry Land Agriculture Division,Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328The proper agronomical practices should be carefully chosen for optimizing grain sorghum productivity, particularly under limited-resources environments. Therefore, two field experiments were carried out in the Desert Research Center, Agriculture Experimental Station at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons, to evaluate the effect of irrigation rate (5, 6 and 7 mm/fed/day); nitrogen fertilization rate (60, 80 and 100 kg N/fed) and plant density (17500, 23333 and 35000 plant/fed) on grain sorghum. Results showed that irrigation by 7 mm/fed/day was the potent treatment for increasing plant height, head length, head weight, weight of grains per head, seed index, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield compared to irrigation by 6 and 5 mm/fed/day. On the contrary, water use efficiency (WUE) and protein percentage were significantly decreased with increasing irrigation levels in both seasons. Adding 100 kg N/fed gave the maximum values of yield, yield components, water use efficiency and protein percentage compared to 80 and 60 kg N/fed in both seasons. Increasing plant density from 17500 to 35000 plant/fed caused significant increases in yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and protein percentage, except for head weight, weight of grains per head and seed index in both seasons. Plots irrigated by 7 mm/fed and fertilized with 100 kg N/fed achieved the maximum values of grain, straw and biological yield/fed, when sorghum plants grown at high density (35000 plant/fed).Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF BINDWEED (CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS L.) ROOT EXUDATES ON PLANTS AND SOIL MICROFLORA3146577610.21608/ejdr.2015.5776ENMohamed A.BalahDepartment of Plant Protection, Desert Research Center, Matareya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID AND CHITOSAN ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L.) UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS4760579810.21608/ejdr.2015.5798ENMansourRamadanDepartment of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-5410-6631MohamedEl MesairyDepartment of Plant Production, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328The present study was carried out in two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the Experimental Farm, Desert Research Center, Ras Sudr Region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of addition of humic acid (potassium humate) at the rates 0, 2, 4 and 6 kg/fed and foliar application of chitosan rates (0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) on growth, yield and quality as well as chemical constituents of okra plants El Balady cultivar. Results showed that okra plants grown with humic acid at 6 kg/fed or chitosan at 200 ppm had the highest height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight per plant, leaf minerals (N, P and K), fruit number/plant, mean fruit fresh weight, plant yield, total yield/fed, total protein, P and K values of fruit and the least dietary fiber of fruit as compared to other treatments. The highest productivity of okra under Ras Sudr conditions could be obtained by application of 6 kg humic acid per feddan combined with 200 ppm chitosan. Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE TISSUES OF SPINY MOUSE AS BIO-INDICATORS OF POLLUTION UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT6173579910.21608/ejdr.2015.5799ENEman M.E.MohallalDepartment of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Desert Research Center, El Matareya, Cairo, EgyptMahmoud I.YounesDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328
The present study was performed to evaluate the concentration of some heavy metals in liver, kidney and muscles of the spiny mouse <em>Acomys cahirinus</em> from natural (Dakhla Oasis) and contaminated (Helwan) areas in Egypt. The copper, manganese and nickel concentrations showed highly significant differences in mice’s livers between the two study areas. However, there was no difference between sites in measures of heavy metals in the kidney, except copper, which showed highly significant differences. Iron, manganese and zinc concentrations in muscles were significantly different between sites. The pollution factors showed that the kidney is much affected with copper, iron and zinc pollutants higher than in liver and muscles, while nickel and lead concentrations were lower in kidney than in other organs. In general, the tissues of spiny mouse from Dakhla Oasis were affected by heavy metal pollutants, especially copper, iron and manganese, which may affect wildlife and consequently humans’ health.Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601A CASE REPORT - MULTIFOCAL PULMONARY AND LIVER ABSCESSES DUE TO KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION IN A LAMB IN SIDI-BARRANI CITY, MATROUH GOVRNORATE, EGYPT7580580110.21608/ejdr.2015.5801ENIslam M.WassifDepartment of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptAdel M.El-KattanDepartment of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328Lambs mortality was noticed in Sidi-Barrani City, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt during winter season, 2014 - 2015. One of them, a three-month-old female lamb died after signs of fever accompanied with some respiratory manifestations firstly and dullness, inability to move and weight loss for over seven days later, without response to tetracycline treatment. Necropsy revealed multifocal caseous abscesses in the lungs and liver. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae </em>was isolated from these lesions. The bacterial isolate was resistant to Tetracyclin (<em>in vitro</em>), which is the most common used antimicrobial agent for animal treatment in this region. On the other hand, it was susceptible to Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol.Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601HEAVY METALS REMOVAL BY USING MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE/TiO2 NANOCOMPOSITE FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN 10TH OF RAMADAN CITY, EGYPT8199580210.21608/ejdr.2015.5802ENMagdy H.El-SayedEgyptian Desalination Research Center of Excellence (EDRC), Water Treatment and Desalination Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptYasser A.M.AbdulhadyEgyptian Desalination Research Center of Excellence (EDRC), Water Treatment and Desalination Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-7816-4190Journal Article20180328Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be exploited in a variety of water treatment applications. These applications require the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to have high magnetization values and particle size smaller than 100 nm. This paper discussed the experimental details for preparation of mono-disperse titania coated iron MNPs by chemical co-precipitation method and micro-emulsion with different surfactants. These experimental preparation processes were vital to determine the optimum pH, initial temperature and sonication time in order to obtain the iron oxide MNPs coated TiO<sub>2</sub>-anatase with small particle size and size distribution that is needed for water treatment applications. The nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM and SEM. Removal efficiency of iron and chromium in Sewage water using the prepared MNPs after treatment were observed to be 98.66 and 92.38%, respectively. Removal efficiency of iron and chromium in industrial wastewater were observed to be 98.74 and 99.89%, respectively. Removal efficiency of iron and chromium in synthesized solution after treatment were observed to be 92.56 and 80.69%, respectively. Reduction % of total nitrogen, nitrate and phosphate in sewage water of 10<sup>th</sup> Ramadan city after treatment were observed to be 33.33, 100 and 53.44%, respectively. Reduction % of total nitrogen, nitrate and phosphate in industrial wastewater after treatment were observed to be 31.25, 56.64 and 100 %, respectively. Results of this study well demonstrate the efficiency of nanosized iron oxide-coated titanium oxide treatment of wastewater; upon 98-100% of inorganic pollutants such as iron, chromium, nitrate and phosphates could be removed.
<strong> </strong>Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION AND BIOFERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SAVORY (SATUREJA HORTENSIS L.) PLANTS101123580310.21608/ejdr.2015.5803ENWafaa H.Abd-AllahDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328The present study was carried out at Menia Governorate (Brotobat village-West Megaga Center, 200 km from Cairo), during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014. The objective of this work was to study the effect of chemical and bio-fertilizers on growth characters and essential oil productivity of savory (<em>Satureja hortensis</em> L.) plants. From the results, it can be concluded that the combination of full dose of NPK+biofertilizer increased plant height, fresh and dry weights of herb (g/plant) as well as seed index. Moreover, full dose of NPK treatment produced the highest mean values yield per plant and per feddan. It was obvious that, fertilized summer savory plants with biofertilizer only showed its superiority for increasing oil percentage in the seeds. The highest oil yield resulted from the plants fertilized with full dose of NPK+biofertilizer. Whereas, the lowest content was produced from treated plants with biofertilizer only. The main component of oil is carvacrol, which was the highest constituent. As for the effect of applied treatments on oil constituents, it is clear that application of biofertilizer alone decreased carvacrol percentage since it was 45.66% comparing to other applied treatments, which ranged from 45.66 to 52.06%. However all applied fertilization treatments did not largely show appreciable differences in oil constituents. In addition, total carbohydrates % in the leaves of the plants was increased by using the treatment of full dose of NPK+biofertilizer. Also this treatment led to an increase in the macro elements N, P and K in the plants, but biofertilizer only led to the lowest total carbohydrates % and the lowest N, P and K % in the leaves. Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL AND FLAVONOIDS OF PHLOMIS FLOCCOSA D. DON.125135580410.21608/ejdr.2015.5804ENRehab A.LotfyDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, EgyptHeba I.Abd El-MoatyDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center El-Matareya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities of essential oils and different extracts from <em>Phlomis floccosa</em> parts. Where the essential oil was detected in the leaves of<em>Phlomis floccosa</em> only, while it was absent in stem and flower parts. The hydro-distillation of the leaves of <em>Phlomis floccosa</em> yielded 0.18% of clear yellowish liquid oil and it didn´t has antioxidants activity. On the other hand, the methanol extracts of different parts of the plant (stems, leaves and flowers) showed high free radical scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts probably related to their flavonoids contents. Hence, methanol extract was analyzed by using HPLC, which revealed that, the plant contained 21 flavonoid compounds in different plant parts (stems, leaves and flowers). The major detected compound of flavonoids was luteolin-6- glucose -8- arabinose with percentages of 1234.3 mg/100 g, 1098.2 mg/100 g and 440.17 mg/100 g for stems, leaves and flowers of <em>Phlomis floccosa</em>, respectively. The second major compound detected in stems and flowers was luteolin-6- arabinose -8- glucose (144.47 mg/100 g and 375.3 mg/100 g, respectively). On the other hand, the second major compound detected in leaves was naringenin (278.13 mg/100 g). According to the obtained results, the methanolic extract of <em>Phlomis floccosa</em> can be considered as an interesting source of natural antioxidant.Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601ROLE OF SPRING CATCHMENTS OF REDUCING PESTICIDE TREATMENTS IN BACTROCERA OLEAE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS137151580510.21608/ejdr.2015.5805ENEssam A.AliDepartment of Plant Protection, Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae is the most important olive pest. This study was conducted in El Matarih, Marsa Matrouh in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt during 2013 and 2014, to illustrate the relationship between adult captures occurred in McPhail traps and in soil cages inactivity period (from January to May) and their effects on the infestation levels on olive fruits in active period (from June to November). In McPhail traps, data showed two main peaks inactivity periods, the first peak was in March and the second was in May. Data demonstrated that adults by the 1st of January was in a relatively low number (about 7.5 adults) and increased gradually to reach its main peak on March, where the average number reached about 117.2 adults and the second peak with value of 116.2 adults in May. McPhail traps caught female adults more than male and captured (74.7 and 73.5) and (42.5 and 42.7) in female and male adults in March and May months, respectively. In soil cages, the average number of adults were decreased sharply throughout the successive inspection and reached the lowest numbers (1.4 adults/10 cages) in January. The average number of emerged adults were increased gradually in the successive inspection and reached the second highest average numbers (22.5 adults/10 cages) in March. Also, adult females were found to be more dominant than males and recorded the highest average numbers in December, 2013 (30.6 adult females/cage) and recorded the lowest average numbers in January, 2013 (0.9 adult females). Based on our data in the activity period, the cumulative average number of total infested fruits, larvae and pupa as affected by dimethoate spraying and mass trapping in inactivity period were (14.0, 3.2 and 3.6) and (22.8, 5.8 and 5.9), respectively, as compared with (83.9, 20.7 and 21.2) fruits in the untreated control treatment, representing (83.3, 84.5 and 83.0%) and (72.8, 72.0 and 72.2%) reduction of infestations, respectively. These observations support some of recommendations to control olive fruit fly by removing pupa in the soil, destroying fruit left on the tree after harvest and mass trapping of olive fruit fly inactivity period. In addition to this natural control, there are no pollutants in olive fruit and its oil contents. The obtained data support that it is possible to carry out previous recommendations in inactivity period in order to prevent or reduce adulticide treatments to improve IPM or organic management in areas where high infestation is expected.
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> </span>Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. PLANTS153170580610.21608/ejdr.2015.5806ENElham M.AttiaDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Matareya Cairo, EgyptRania M.KhaterDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180328This research was conducted at the El-Qantara Sharq Research Station, Desert Research Center, during two successive summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of planting dates (15<sup>th</sup> April, 1<sup>st</sup> May and 15<sup>th</sup> May) and organic fertilization treatments (control, 15 m<sup>3</sup>/ feddan cattle manure, 15 m<sup>3</sup>/ feddan compost and a mixture of organic fertilizers [15 m<sup>3</sup>/ feddan compost + 15 m<sup>3</sup>/ feddan cattle manure]) on growth, yield and active ingredients of <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> L. plants.
Early planting date (15<sup>th</sup> April) resulted in significant increase in all growth characters, while delaying the planting dates decreased it in both seasons. The application of organic fertilizers produced the highest value in all growth characters during the two experimental seasons, while the treatment of mixed organic fertilizer significantly increased vegetative growth parameters, chemical ingredients and the chemical constituents. The interaction between planting dates and organic fertilization show that, the treatment of cultivation date on 15<sup>th</sup> April and fertilization with mixed organic fertilizer significantly increased most of the studied characters, however this treatment gave the maximum sepals per plant and per feddan, yield of seeds per plant and per feddan, the anthocyanins content and fixed oil content in seeds compared with the other treatments.Desert Research CenterEgyptian Journal of Desert Research1687-804365120150601EXTENSIONAL EVALUATION OF THE ADAPTATION PROJECT TO CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE MARGINAL ENVIRONMENTS IN SINAI PENINSULA171192594910.21608/ejdr.2015.5949ENGhoneim M.GhoneimDepartment of Agricultural Extension, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180407The research was basically conducted to define the impact of the adaptation project to climate changes in the marginal environments, on knowledge and practices of livestock keepers. To identify the way of integrated management for marginal lands via the packages of farm practices, producing milk and dairy product. Moreover, the significant differences between the average degrees of experimental and control groups in terms of the study aspects, which were farmers' knowledge and practices of manufacturing fodder crops and animal products and respondents' knowledge and implementing on producing dairy products on the scale farm, problems that farmers faced and the suggested solutions.
The study was carried out at Sahl El Tina area and south of El Quantara Sharq area. It included two samples, the first one represented the experimented sample contained 180 of the total respondents, who benefited from the project activities; the second one represented the control sample comprised 180 farmer respondents. Data were collected via interviewing the respondents using questionnaire forms. The two samples were selected in a randomized systematic way from July through August 2015.
Some statistical methods were used to present and analyze the date such as the replicates, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T test and the average.
Results indicated that 63.5% of respondents had low knowledge for the control sample versus 56.8% of high knowledge for the experiment sample. Famers' implementation to the extension recommendations were as high as 5.5% for the control sample; whereas respondents' implementation to the extensional recommendations was high with 29.7% for the experiment sample.
Results revealed that 77.8% had low knowledge of the technical recommendations on feed blocks for the control sample versus 51.8% as moderate for the experiment sample.
Results showed that 45.5% of respondents had high knowledge of the studied recommendations on making dairy products for the control sample versus 57.8% high knowledge for the experiment sample after implementing the project.
The most crucial problems that farmer respondents faced were high prices of concentrated fodders (85.5%), poor roads and transport (84.4%), poor agricultural extension service (80.0%), lack of veterinarian services (76.1%), inefficient activities of agricultural cooperatives (73.3%), lack of equipment and machinery maintenance centers (71.1%), inefficient security services (56.1%), lack of irrigation water during the summer (51.1%) and high cost of skilled labor forces (49.4%).