eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
157
172
10.21608/ejdr.2019.8033.1021
52607
Original Article
EVALUATION OF ACARICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PURPUREOCILLIUM LILACINUM ISOLATED FROM EGYPTIAN SOIL AGAINST TETRANYCHUS URTICAE
Mohamed Nawar
ma_nawar@yahoo.com
1
Amany Abo-Elnasr
amanyabonasr@yahoo.com
2
Abdel Nasser Kobisi
nkobisi@yahoo.com
3
Gohyza Hefnawy
gohyzahefnawy@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Protection, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
Department of Plant Protection, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Department of plant protection, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
The study is aimed to isolate and identify a potential entomopathogenic fungus from fields infested with spider mites and evaluate them as a bio-rationale agent against Tetranychus urticae Koch., which is an important agricultural pest that infests horticultural crops in both field and greenhouses. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics showed that the obtained entomogenous isolate was Purpureocillium lilacinum(formerly, Paecilomyces lilacinus). P. Lilacinum demonstrated mortality rates on adult females of T. urticae of 71.19 and 77.97% with conidial concentrations of and 1.6 , respectively, 10 days after application. Median lethal concentration of P. lilacinum was 2.85 106 conidia/ml. Enzymatic activity of P. lilacinum was evaluated. In this context, chitinolytic activity of P. lilacinum was relatively weak, since the clear halo obtained was only 4.43 mm in diameter. The activity of chitinase enzyme insignificantly increased over the incubation period of 10 days. In contrast, proteolytic activity of P. lilacinum was high and showed a clear zone (25.8 mm) around the colony after 10 days. So, it is concluded that P. lilacinum has a potential biological control againstT. urticae. Finally, evaluation of the ethyl acetate extract of P. lilacinum showed acaricidal potency since it exhibited LC50 values of 10.49 mg/ml for eggs and 30.75 mg/ml for adults. So, it is concluded that P. lilacinum has a potential biological control againstT. urticae.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52607_c2adb4c97cefafb2926781de48ca5df4.pdf
Paecilomyces lilacinus
two spotted spider mite
biological control
secondary metabolites
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
173
186
10.21608/ejdr.2019.6950.1017
52608
Original Article
FACTORS AFFECTING APPLYING LEVEL OF BIOSECURITY ACTIVITIES IN BROILER FARMS IN MATROUH GOVERNORATE
soha Eldeeb
dr_soha11@yahoo.com
1
Economic studies Dept., Socio-Economic Studies Division, Desert Research Center,cairo,Egypt
The present research work aimed to determine the factors affecting applying level of biosecurity activities in broiler farms in Matrouh Governorate. Thisresearch depended on two sources of data secondary and primary data, the research employed surveyed data of 65 broiler farms. The research was basedon the descriptive and quantitative analyses by using some economic indicators, general trend equationsand analyzingthe simple regression. This research identified the level of biosecurity activities already applied by respondents, and the respondents and farm characteristics that influence this level of applicablebiosecurity activities. This research developed the measurement of applying a levelof biosecurity activities and then used these measures as dependent variables in identifying the factors that affect the level of applying biosecurity activities. The dependent variable was an aggregated biosecurity score, which ranked and aggregated respondents applying biosecurity activities of 36 biosecurity sub-indicators. The analysis indicated that older, more educated respondents with larger families and respondents with non-poultry sources of income were more likely to apply a betterlevel of biosecurity activities. The farm characteristics that may influence applying level of biosecurity activities were farm area, distance to neighbours’poultry farm, distance to road andthe number, average capacity of farms wasalso important.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52608_612053f6de0cf315802a9db8a1266be4.pdf
chickens
diseases
isolation
Farm characteristics
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
187
197
10.21608/ejdr.2019.6379.1014
52609
Original Article
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT FOR NEW LANDS FARMERS FROM DISSEMINATION OF MORINGA CULTIVATION
soha Eldeeb
dr_soha11@yahoo.com
1
Economic studies Dept., Socio-Economic Studies Division, Desert Research Center,cairo,Egypt
The research investigated the use of Moringa as a source of economic empowerment for farmers in new lands, South Sinai governorate. Specifically, the research employed surveyed data from all Moringa farmers in the research area (32 farmers). Simple descriptive statistical techniques and gross margin analysis were used indicated that for every feddan of Moringa. The research revealed that the proportion of respondents, who cultivated Moringa in large scale was 56.3% of the total sample. It however appeared that proportion of Moringa farmers relative to the sample population, who were aware of the market potentials of the crop was lower (37.5%) when compared with those who cultivated the crop in large scale (56.3%). The gross income of 7650 LE per feddan was very encouraging going by the discussion held with the Moringa farmers, who observed that the profit margin was attractive enough for them to venture into the commercial cultivation of Moringa. Despite the profitability of Moringa production, Moringa farmers identified low price of the product, lack of technical advice and lack of capital, lack of storage facilities, lack of marketing extension, limited source of information as their major constraints. The respondents mentioned a number of proposals in discussions that would lead to identify the requirements for dissemination of Moringa in the research area. These suggestions can be presented in three groups asthe requirements for cultivation of Moringa, the requirements for extension communication for cultivation of moringa and financial requirements for Moringa dissemination he research investigated the use of Moringa as a source of economic empowerment for farmers in new lands, South Sinai governorate. Specifically, the research employed surveyed data of all Moringa farmers in the research area (20 farmers), Simple descriptive statistical techniques and Gross margin analysis was used indicated that for every feddan of Moringa, The research revealed that the proportion of respondents who cultivate Moringa in large scale was 55 % of the total sample. It however appears that proportion of Moringa farmers, relative to the sample population, who are aware of the market potentials of the crop is lower (40%) when compared with those who cultivate the crop in large scale (55%), the gross income of (7650 L/E) per feddan was very encouraging going by the discussion held with the Moringa farmers who observed that the profit margin is attractive enough for them to venture into the commercial cultivation of Moringa.Despite the profitability of Moringa production, Moringa farmers identified low price of the product, lack of technical advice and lack of capital, lack of storage facilities, lack of marketing extension, Limited source of information as their major constraints. the respondents mentioned a number of proposals in discussions that would lead to identify the requirements for dissemination of Moringa in the research area. These suggest can be presented in three groups as the requirements for cultivation of Moringa ، the requirements for extension communication for cultivation of moringa and financial requirements for Moringa dissemination
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52609_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Awareness
Constraints
requirements
gross margin analysis
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
199
222
10.21608/ejdr.2019.6230.1012
52610
Original Article
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GARLIC EXTRACT AND HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON FLOWERING, FRUIT SET AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPES
Eman Elamary
emostafa4@hotmail.com
1
sheren abd El-Hameid
sherenadel3m@yahoo.com
2
Plant Production Dept., Desert Research Center
Department of Plant Production -Desert Research Center
This experiment was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons on Flame Seedless grapevines grown at El- Khatatba district, in Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Climate is one of the important factors that control grape production, in warm-winter regions, where the need of intervention of chemical means to break bud rest becomes a dominant factor for maintaining economic production of table grapes. However, the problem is more acute when farmers want to grow on organic table grapes in the absence of environmentally friendly natural bud break promoters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a garlic extract in comparison to the conventional use of hydrogen cyanamide in promoting bud break and their effects on cluster quality of Flame Seedless grapevines, aiming to invade the markets earlier to maximize the benefits for the producers andto avoid the negative effects of high summer temperature on the vine clusters quality if harvested late.Moreover, this study is a trail to examine to how extent garlic extract (which contains GA3like substance) can substitute the declination of chilling hours. Five treatments of foliar application[tap water (control); hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2)3 and 5%, garlic extract (GE) 3 and 5%] were applied to the vines on three times [the first (D1), mid (D2) and the end (D3) of December]. The obtained results revealed that all treatments were very effective in stimulating vegetative growth, bud burst %, yield, physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. Generally, D2 wasbetter than the other two times of spraying in all parameters. Vines that had been sprayed with 5% GE onD2 were the best for earlyharvest time as compared with the two other times. In addition, this treatment increased bud burst,leaves number per new shoot, leaf area and chlorophyll content,cluster weight, yield, the average weight and volume of 100 berries, cluster number, cluster length, cluster width,berry length and diameter,total soluble solid, total sugar, while decreased total acidity. In addition, vinesthat had been sprayed with 5% GE onD2 gave early blooming (decreasing the time from spraying to blooming).
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52610_04dd8ff1648bf716816c9e8457c7b899.pdf
grapevine
garlic extract
Hydrogen cyanamide
dormancy
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
223
242
10.21608/ejdr.2019.4671.1009
52612
Original Article
IINFLUENCE OF SOIL AMENDMENTS AND TILLAGE METHODS AGAINST SUNFLOWER CHARCOAL ROT DISEASE UNDER RECLAIMED SOIL
Abeer Elhadidy
elhadidyabeer@gmal.com
1
pant protection, division of environment and arid lands,DRC,Cairo,Egypt.
Field experiments were carried out at El-Nubaria Province, the desert backyard of El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt, during two successive summer seasons (2016 and 2017), to study the effect of the integration between different tillage methods and soil amendment treatments on damping-off and charcoal rot diseases management of sunflower caused by Macrophomina phaseolinaunder the reclaimed soil conditions. Conventional tillage (CT) was found to be more effective in reducing M. phaseolinapopulation and charcoal rot. Rice straw + EM1 + Urea × EM-X or biochar + compost × EM-X were found to be more effective in reducing damping-off and charcoal rot disease incidence and severity as well as M. phaseolinapopulation. Therefore, enhanced sunflower productivity compared to the other examined soil amendment treatments; including the conventional chemical fertilization as the control treatment. The integration between CT method and rice straw + EM1+ Urea × EM-X or biochar + compost × EM-X was found to be more effective in reducing M. phaseolinapopulation and charcoal rot incidence and severity. The integration between tillage methods and soil amendments was found to be the furthermost advised agricultural practices under these conditions as land degradation neutrality (LDN) technology that enhances land cover and area unit productivity under these conditions.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52612_12d0bf887a30c385a45423de8dda621a.pdf
Macrophomina phaseolina
Helianthus annuus
tillage
Soil amendments
LDN
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
243
258
10.21608/ejdr.2019.7065.1019
52613
Original Article
CLASSIFICATION AND LAND CAPABILITY OF SOME SOILS AT EL-MOGHRA DEPRESSION, EGYPT
Moamen ElKady
moamen.elkady@yahoo.com
1
Al-Sayed Abdelsalam
abdelsalam_ef@yahoo.com
2
Pedology, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Desert Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
Soils and Water Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt
The article provides valuable information about some arid soils in El-Moghra depression, western desert between 28°33'00"E to 28°38'12"E, and 30°05'30"N to 30°09'05"N; with an area of about 6541 hectares. It is one of the portions that included in the land-use planning development programs of the Egyptian government forexpanding the limited arable lands. The goal of the study is to investigate the spatial distribution of soil characteristics, classification and capability assessment for land-use management. The recent technologies of remote sensing and GIS were employed in this work on basis difference of landforms. The obtained results indicate that the study area could be classified into Entisolsand Aridisols orders including (1) very deep coarse-textured soils; Typic Torripsammentsthat characterized by capabilityclass III (3195 hectares), (2) very deep coarse to moderately coarse-textured soils; Typic Torripsamments, which correlated to capability class III (1391hectares), and (3) very deep medium to moderately-fine textured soils; Typic Haplogypsidsand/or Gypsic Haplosalidsassociated with capabilityclass II (1955 hectares). Therefore, soils of the study area can be used for conditioned agriculture with availability of irrigation water in terms of quality and quantity.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52613_0e6b4993d4c3515817f43bc46f9ad52c.pdf
Aridisols
Entisols
El-Moghra
Land-use
Remote Sensing
GIS
Taxonomy
desert
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
259
276
10.21608/ejdr.2019.12939.1028
52616
Original Article
SURVEYS OF WILD VERTEBRATES IN THE KHARGA AND DAKHLA OASIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE NEW RECLAMATION AREAS IN EGYPT
Eman Mohallal
emanmohallal@yahoo.com
1
Hany Ahmed
hanyphd@gmail.com
2
Researcher Head of Ecology Unit of Desert Animals, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Survey of the wild vertebrates at twenty-nine locations in Kharga and Dakhla Oases were carried out during 2014-2018, inclusive. Thirty-five common species were recorded. There was one reptile, the Horned Viper. There were twenty-two birds representing twelve orders: eight are common resident species, and the rest are migrants. There were twelve mammals, including two carnivores, eight rodents and two bats. Regular surveys of vertebrates are needed to evaluate the effect of human activities in the new reclamation areas, and to update different lists of reptiles, birds and mammals. Some adverse effects of rats and various birds (House Sparrow, Palm Dove) as well as of Fruit Bats were recorded, because they eat seeds and fruits during the harvest season.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52616_909383eda867b0b8728b388a17ac8cfd.pdf
wild vertebrates
Kharga and Dakhla Oasis
new reclamation areas
eng
Desert Research Center
Egyptian Journal of Desert Research
1687-8043
2356-9875
2018-12-01
68
2
277
298
10.21608/ejdr.2019.11409.1027
52618
Original Article
IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SUNFLOWER DAMPING-OFF AND ROOT-ROT DISEASES UNDER RECLAIMED SOIL
Abeer Elhadidy
elhadidyabeer@gmal.com
1
pant protection, division of environment and arid lands,DRC,Cairo,Egypt.
Field experiment was carried out at El-Nubaria Province, El-Behaira Governorate to investigate the effect of some organic and biofertilization treatments as soil amendments on suppression Macrophomina phasolina, Sclerotium rolfisii,and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal pathogens of root-rot and damping-off of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). Organic amendment treatments increased the sunflower resistanceto soil borne diseases hence enhanced its productivity. The most promising results obtained from rice straw+EM1+Urea, biochar+compost, rice straw+EM1 and EM-Bokashi with no significant differences, compost and animal manure, respectively compared to the control treatment (without organic amendment). EM-X (EM1+Bacillus subtilis+mycorrhiza+Azotobacter sp.) was found to be more effective in reducing M. phaseolina, S. rolfisii, andR. solanipopulation and root-rot incidence, therefore enhance sunflower productivity compared to the other examined biofertilization treatments including the conventional chemical fertilization as the control treatment. The integration between rice straw+EM1+Urea or biochar+compost and EM-X was found to be the furthermost advised agricultural practices for soil borne diseases management as land degradation neutrality (LDN) technology that enhances land cover and area unit productivity under these conditions.
https://ejdr.journals.ekb.eg/article_52618_8e347efdfd78e616954f8ccc25f44413.pdf
Sunflower
Soil amendments
Macrophomina phasolina
Sclerotium rolfisii
Rhizoctonia solani