Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Agricultural Economics, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
here is no doubt that food no longer become commodities trading, according to the laws of supply and demand, but food issue became at the front of important issues to the State, because it is a strategy issue, which can not be left to contemporary global conditions and variables. Also, it is impossible to say that it will be safe, because food is a vital necessity and indispensable for human. Also local food production with appropriate amounts make stable life and community is turning for construction and development.
The poultry industry is one of the promising industries in Egypt, which enjoyed great support by government since its inception. State has issued several laws and resolutions supporting the industry and encouraging investment on it. It gave the producers the right to obtain supported feed and approving establishment of poultry projects on agricultural land, exempting some industrial projects from taxes for ten years from the date of construction, increasing the credit facilities, and protecting poultry industry totally by banning import of poultry in 1986. Then imposing high tariffs on poultry imports reached 80% in 1997. About feed industry and the most important of is yellow corn. These factors have pushed the process of investment in industry and their rings, where investment amount was 18-20 billion pounds in 2005, in addition to working capital, which amount to about 5 billion pounds a year, and providing about 1.5 million permanent jobs, and nearly a million temporary jobs. Poultry meat, red meat and fish are at the forefront of animal proteins group, which include the strategies of food security in Egypt in general, and as a result of the production of poultry meat more efficient in terms of conversion efficiency, as the conversion rate reached to 2.3: 1 i.e. 2.3 kg of feed given 1 kg of poultry meat. As for red meat production, the conversion rate is 7: 1, i.e. 7 kg of feed given 1 kg of red meat, in addition to that, the production of poultry is a source of low costs protein in Egypt compared to other sources. The total consumption of poultry in Egypt is about 987 thousand tons in 2008, 829 thousand tons from it are fattening chickens, which represent about 84% of the total consumption of poultry in Egypt and 158 thousand tons of local chicken meat, ducks, geese, turkeys and rabbits. The industry consists of a set of interrelated production chains, starting with a schedule and ending with broilers production, egg production, poultry industry, and some relating industries like poultry feed production plants and massacres. Broilers production farms is the most important stage of the poultry industry and widespread in republic governorates, where the other stages of industry depend on it, and the total number of broilers farms in 2008 is about 25.95 thousands farms on the republic and total maximum capacity is 1.62551 billion chickens per year and it has been shown that about 72.7% of poultry production is concentrated in five major governorate, Qaliubiya, Sharqiya, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behera at the rates of about 30.8, 16.2, 11.4, 9.2 and 5.1%, respectively.
here is no doubt that food no longer become commodities trading, according to the laws of supply and demand, but food issue became at the front of important issues to the State, because it is a strategy issue, which can not be left to contemporary global conditions and variables. Also, it is impossible to say that it will be safe, because food is a vital necessity and indispensable for human. Also local food production with appropriate amounts make stable life and community is turning for construction and development.
The poultry industry is one of the promising industries in Egypt, which enjoyed great support by government since its inception. State has issued several laws and resolutions supporting the industry and encouraging investment on it. It gave the producers the right to obtain supported feed and approving establishment of poultry projects on agricultural land, exempting some industrial projects from taxes for ten years from the date of construction, increasing the credit facilities, and protecting poultry industry totally by banning import of poultry in 1986. Then imposing high tariffs on poultry imports reached 80% in 1997. About feed industry and the most important of is yellow corn. These factors have pushed the process of investment in industry and their rings, where investment amount was 18-20 billion pounds in 2005, in addition to working capital, which amount to about 5 billion pounds a year, and providing about 1.5 million permanent jobs, and nearly a million temporary jobs. Poultry meat, red meat and fish are at the forefront of animal proteins group, which include the strategies of food security in Egypt in general, and as a result of the production of poultry meat more efficient in terms of conversion efficiency, as the conversion rate reached to 2.3: 1 i.e. 2.3 kg of feed given 1 kg of poultry meat. As for red meat production, the conversion rate is 7: 1, i.e. 7 kg of feed given 1 kg of red meat, in addition to that, the production of poultry is a source of low costs protein in Egypt compared to other sources. The total consumption of poultry in Egypt is about 987 thousand tons in 2008, 829 thousand tons from it are fattening chickens, which represent about 84% of the total consumption of poultry in Egypt and 158 thousand tons of local chicken meat, ducks, geese, turkeys and rabbits. The industry consists of a set of interrelated production chains, starting with a schedule and ending with broilers production, egg production, poultry industry, and some relating industries like poultry feed production plants and massacres. Broilers production farms is the most important stage of the poultry industry and widespread in republic governorates, where the other stages of industry depend on it, and the total number of broilers farms in 2008 is about 25.95 thousands farms on the republic and total maximum capacity is 1.62551 billion chickens per year and it has been shown that about 72.7% of poultry production is concentrated in five major governorate, Qaliubiya, Sharqiya, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behera at the rates of about 30.8, 16.2, 11.4, 9.2 and 5.1%, respectively.
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